Matter of Teng (Board decision, November 26, 1975)

Plain-English summary

The respondents were brothers and sisters from the Philippines who held immigrant visas as the claimed stepchildren of a United States citizen. The Board found that their mother's marriage to the citizen was a sham, that no actual familial relationship existed, and that the respondents were deportable because they lacked valid immigrant visas. The Board rejected equitable estoppel because the approval of the visa petitions while the Service investigated the marriage was not affirmative misconduct. It reversed the immigration judge's decision terminating the proceedings and remanded the record for consideration of the respondents' application for voluntary departure.

Decision snapshot

• Cited authorities: 8 U.S.C. §§ 1101(b)(1)(B), 1151(b), 1251(a)(1)
• Outcome: Immigration judge's termination decision reversed; record remanded for further proceedings on voluntary departure.
• Key point: A sham marriage with no actual familial relationship did not create stepchild status for immigration purposes.

Full text (BIA official public release)

Interim Decision #2452

MATTER OF TENG

In Deportation Proceedings

A-34395590-1-2-3-4
Decided by Board November 26, 1975
(1) Where there is a sham marriage and no actual familial relationship between the stepchildren and the United States citizen stepparent has ever existed, the stepchildren are not entitled to be considered the children of the United States citizen stepparent within the meaning of section 101(b)(1)(B) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended, notwithstanding the stepchildren may be innocent of any fraudulent intent. (2) Since, in the instant cases, the marriage between respondents' mother and the U.S. citizen petitioner has been found to be a sham marriage and no actual familial relation- ship between the respondents (stepchildren) and the petitioner (stepfather) has ever existed, respondents, who were admitted in possession of immigrant visas issued them as the beneficiaries of approved visa petitions filed by the citizen petitioner/stepfather to accord them immediate relative classification as "stepchildren", were not entitled to such status and are deportable under section 241(a)(1) of the Act because excludable at entry for lack of valid immigrant visas. This is true even though respondents may be innocent of any fraudulent intent, the marriage between their mother and the petitioner has not been terminated, and there is still a legal step-relationship in existence. (3) The fact that the visa petitions on behalf of the respondents were approved at a time, when the Service was investigating the validity of the marriage (apparently in connec- tion with the mother's application for adjustment of status) does not amount to the type of "affirmative misconduct" required to find that the Service is equitably estopped from deporting respondents. CHARGE: Order: Act of 1952—Section 241(a)(1) [8 U.S.C. 1251(a)(1)]—Excludable at time of entry—no valid immigrant visas.
ON BEHALF OF RESPONDENTS: Norman Stiller, Esquire 995 Market Street
San Francisco, California 94103

This case is before us on certification of the immigration judge of his decision dated August 20, 1975 in which he ordered the deportation proceedings against the respondents terminated. The decision of the immigration judge will be reversed. The respondents, all brothers and sisters, are natives of the Philip- pines and citizens of China. They range in age from fifteen to twenty years old. The mother of the respondents entered the United States in 516

Interim Decision #2452

1968 as a nonimmigrant visitor. On July 31, 1970 she married a United States citizen in Reno, Nevada. He thereafter submitted a visa petition for the mother as his spouse, and for the respondents as his stepchil- dren. The latter petitions were approved and the respondents were then issued immigrant visas as immediate relatives of a United States citi- zen. See section 201(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act. They were admitted to the United States on August 13, 1973. The petition for the mother was withdrawn. The Service alleges that the marriage between the respondents' mother and the citizen who petitioned on their behalf was a sham marriage entered into solely for the purpose of obtaining immigration benefits. The order to show cause charges that the respondents were not, and are not, entitled to be considered the children of a United States citizen within the meaning of section 101(b)(1)(B) of the Immigra- tion and Nationality Act and, therefore, they are deportable under section 241(a)(1) of the Act. The immigration judge found that the marriage in question was in fact a sham marriage in that the partners never resided together and never intended to. He nonetheless concluded that this did not render the respondents deportable. The immigration judge found that the respon- dents did not participate in any fraudulent scheme and in fact were unaware that the marriage was a sham. At the hearing, the respondents disputed the allegation that the marriage between their mother and the claimed stepfather was entered into solely for the purpose of obtaining immigration benefits for either the mother or the respondents. It is not disputed that the mother presently lives in San Francisco, California and her husband resides in Seattle, Washington. However, the mother testified that for at least six months after the marriage she resided in San Francisco with her hus- band and that they intended to live as husband and wife. A witness, who with her husband owns the house in which the mother lived at the time in question, gave similar testimony. The mother's husband did not appear at the hearing. However, his deposition was taken and made part of the record. 1 In the course of the deposition, the husband repudiated substantial portions of earlier statements he had made. Moreover, statements made by the husband, and which were made part of the record, show that on almost each occasion on which he was questioned, he has given inconsistent state- ments. Despite this apparent unreliability, he nonetheless has consis- tently maintained that he never lived with the respondents' mother. Investigations made by the Service, the reports of which were intro- The deposition was taken before an immigration judge in Seattle, Washington. Coun- sel for the respondent, as well as a trial attorney, were present and questioned the husband.

517

Interim Decision #2452
duced into evidence, also support a conclusion that the respondents' mother never lived with her husband. The immigration judge found, on the basis of demeanor evidence as well as on the basis of inconsistencies in the statements made by the mother and the other witness, that neither of them were credible witnesses. The finding of an immigration judge with respect to the credibility of a witness will ordinarily be given great weight. Matter of T—, 7 I. & N. Dec. 417 (BIA 1957). We are satisfied from a review of all the evidence in the record that the Service has established by clear, convincing and unequivocal evidence that the marriage between the mother of the respondents and her husband was entered into solely for the purpose of conferring immigration benefits, and that they never resided together in a marital relationship. It is clear that such a relationship would not be sufficient to confer immigration benefits on the mother of the respondents. Matter of Phillis, Interim Decision #2407 (BIA July 7, 1975); Matter of Kitsalis, 11 I. & N. Dec. 613 (BIA 1966); Matter of M—, 8 I. & N. Dec. 217 (BIA 1958). Cf. Litwak v. United States, 244 U.S. 604 (1953); Johl v. United States, 370 F.2d 174 (C.A. 9, 1966). The record shows that the respondents did not know that their mother and her husband had entered into a sham relationship. The testimony of the oldest child also indicates that until the respondents arrived in the United States, they believed that their mother was in fact living with her husband. It also appears from the record that only one of the respondents has ever met their mother's husband. That meeting was evidently very brief. The other respondents have never met their "stepfather". The marriage still exists in form and apparently no at- tempts have been made to dissolve it. The narrow question here is whether the respondents were entitled to be considered the stepchildren of their mother's husband within the meaning of section 101(b)(1)(B) of the Act where the underlying marital relationship was a sham and the respondents have never lived with the stepparent. One of the primary concerns of the Immigration and Nationality Act is the preservation of the family unit. See H.R. Rep. No. 1365, 82d Cong., 2d Sess., [1954] 2 U.S. Code Cong. & Adm. News 1653, 1680. Where a marriage is terminated by divorce, a step-relationship created by that marriage is also considered terminated. Matter of Simicevic, 10 I. & N. Dec. 363 (BIA 1963). Where the marriage is terminated by death of the natural parent but there is an ongoing relationship, the step-relationship is deemed to continue. Matter of Pagnerre, 13 I. & N. Dec. 688 (BIA 1971). In the present case, no family tie has ever existed between the respondents and their mother's husband, nor between the mother and the husband. We do not lightly disregard the fact that the marriage has 518

Interim Decision #2452.

not been terminated and that there is still a legal step-relationship in existence. However, we conclude that where there is a sham marriage and no actual familial relationship between the stepchildren and the United States citizen stepparent has ever existed, the stepchildren are not entitled to be considered children of a United States citizen for purposes of the Immigration and Nationality Act. The fact that the respondents may be innocent of any fraudulent intent does not protect them. An alien who has derived an immigration benefit from another may be deportable where the person from whom the status was derived was not in fact eligible to confer any benefits. Cf. Matter of Ideis, 14 I. & N. Dec. 701 (BIA 1974). The respondents consequently are deportable under section 241(a)(1) of the Act. We do not find that the Service is equitably estopped from deporting these aliens. The visa petitions submitted on behalf of the respondents were approved at a time when the Service was investigating the validity of the marriage, apparently in connection with the mother's application for adjustment of status. This, however, does not amount to the type of affirmative misconduct which is required to find equitable estoppel. See Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Hibi, 414 U.S. 5 (1973); Matter of Morales, Interim Decision #2416 (BIA, July 28, 1975). The respondents applied for voluntary departure. The immigration judge did not consider the request because of the disposition he made of the case. Accordingly, we shall remand, the record for the immigration judge to consider the respondents' application. ORDER: The decision of the immigration judge is reversed. Further order: The record is remanded for further proceedings.

519