Hanwha Cimarron LLC (Board decision, February 23, 2024)
In re Hanwha Cimarron LLC (EAB CAA Appeal No. 24-02C): HFC import settlement approved
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Plain-English summary
Hanwha Cimarron LLC imported 780 kilograms of the HFC blend R-407C in 60 cylinders. The shipment arrived on June 21, 2022, and the compliance activity was recorded in Atlanta, Georgia. EPA alleged that Hanwha imported the bulk regulated substances without expending the required allowances and without receiving a non-objection notice. The settlement assessed a $960 civil penalty, and Hanwha agreed to pay it within 30 calendar days of the agreement's effective date.
Decision snapshot
- Cited authorities: The AIM Act, 42 U.S.C. § 7675, and implementing regulations in 40 C.F.R. parts 22, 84, and 13
- Outcome: The Expedited Settlement Agreement/Consent Agreement was ratified, Hanwha Cimarron LLC was ordered to comply with its terms, and a $960 civil penalty was approved.
- Key point: Importers of bulk regulated HFCs must have and expend the required allowances or receive the required EPA non-objection notice.
Full text (EPA EAB public release)
F I L E D
Feb 23, 2024
Clerk, Environmental Appeals Board
INITIALS ________________________
ENVIRONMENTAL APPEALS BOARD
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C.
)
)
In re Hanwha Cimarron LLC ) Docket No. CAA-2024-008447
)
)
)
)
FINAL ORDER
Pursuant to 40 C.F.R. § 22.18(b)-(c) of EPA’s Consolidated Rules of Practice, the
attached Expedited Settlement Agreement/Consent Agreement resolving this matter is incorporated by reference into this Final Order and is hereby ratified.
The Respondent is ORDERED to comply with all terms of the Expedited Settlement
Agreement/Consent Agreement, effective immediately.
So ordered.1
ENVIRONMENTAL APPEALS BOARD
Dated: February 23, 2024 ________
Mary Kay Lynch
Environmental Appeals Judge
1
The three-member panel ratifying this matter is composed of Environmental Appeals
Judges Aaron P. Avila, Wendy L. Blake, and Mary Kay Lynch.
ENVIRONMENTAL APPEALS BOARD
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C.
)
In re: )
) Docket No. CAA-2024-008447
Hanwha Cimarron LLC )
)
)
)
EXPEDITED SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT
A. JURISDICTION
-
This is an expedited administrative penalty assessment proceeding brought under Section
113(d) of the Clean Air Act (the “Act” or “CAA”), 42 U.S.C. § 7413(d), and §§ 22.13 and 22.18 of the Consolidated Rules of Practice Governing the Administrative Assessment of Civil Penalties and the Revocation/Termination or Suspension of Permits (“Consolidated Rules”) as codified at 40 C.F.R. Part 22. -
Complainant is the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”). On the EPA’s
behalf, Mary E. Greene, Director, Air Enforcement Division, is delegated the authority to settle civil administrative penalty proceedings under Section 113(d) of the Act. -
Respondent is Hanwha Cimarron LLC, identified further in Table 1 of ESA Attachment 1.
-
Complainant and Respondent (together, the “Parties”), having agreed that settlement of this
action is in the public interest, consent to the issuance of the attached final order (“Final Order” or “Order”) ratifying this expedited settlement agreement (“Agreement”) before taking testimony and without adjudication of any issues of law or fact herein, and Respondent agrees to comply with the terms of this Agreement and Final Order. -
The Environmental Appeals Board is authorized to ratify this Agreement, which
memorializes a settlement between Complainant and Respondent. 40 C.F.R. §§ 22.4(a) and 22.18(b). -
The Ratification of the Final Order, incorporating this Agreement, simultaneously
commences and concludes this proceeding. 40 C.F.R. § 22.13(b).
B. GOVERNING LAW -
This proceeding arises under the American Innovation and Manufacturing (“AIM”) Act of
2020, 42 U.S.C. § 7675, and the regulations promulgated thereunder. -
The EPA regulations at 40 C.F.R. Part 84, Subpart A, implement the AIM Act requirement to
phase down HFC production and consumption. -
40 C.F.R. § 84.5(b)(l) states that “no person may import bulk regulated substances, except by
expending, at the time of the import, consumption or application-specific allowances in a quantity equal to the exchange-value weighted equivalent of the regulated substances imported.” -
40 C.F.R. § 84.5(b)(6) states that “every kilogram of bulk regulated substances imported …
constitutes a separate violation of this subpart.”C. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF LAW -
The EPA alleges Respondent violated 40 C.F.R. § 84.5(b) by importing the bulk regulated
substances identified in Table 1 of ESA Attachment 1 without expending consumption or
application-specific allowances in a quantity equal to the exchange-value weighted
equivalent of the regulated substances imported.D. TERMS OF AGREEMENT -
For the purpose of this proceeding, as required by 40 C.F.R. § 22.18(b)(2), Respondent:
a. admits that the EPA has jurisdiction over the subject matter alleged in this
Agreement;
b. admits the facts stipulated in Table 1 of ESA Attachment 1;
c. consents to the assessment of a civil penalty as stated in Table 3 of ESA
Attachment 1 and below;
d. waives any right to contest the alleged violations of law set forth in Section C of
this Agreement; and
e. waives its right to appeal the Order accompanying this Agreement. -
For the purpose of this proceeding, Respondent:
a. agrees that this Agreement states a claim upon which relief may be granted
against Respondent;
b. acknowledges that this Agreement constitutes an enforcement action for purposes
of considering Respondent’s compliance history in any subsequent enforcement
actions related to the Respondent;
c. certifies that it completed the corrective action as set forth in Table 4 of ESA
Attachment 1;2d. waives any and all remedies, claims for relief and otherwise available rights to
judicial or administrative review that Respondent may have with respect to any
issue of fact or law set forth in this Order, including any right of judicial review
under Section 307(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. § 7607(b)(1);
e. consents to personal jurisdiction in any action to enforce this Agreement or Order,
or both, in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia; and
f. waives any rights it may possess at law or in equity to challenge the authority of
the EPA to bring a civil action in a United States District Court for the District of
Columbia to compel compliance with the Agreement or Order, or both, and to
seek an additional penalty for noncompliance with the Agreement or Order, and
agrees that federal law shall govern in any such civil action. -
Penalty Payment. The civil penalty agreed upon by the Parties for settlement purposes is
stated in Table 3 of ESA Attachment 1. Respondent agrees to:a. pay the penalty within 30 calendar days of the Effective Date of this Agreement;
b. pay the penalty using any method, or combination of methods, provided on the
website https://www.epa.gov/financial/additional-instructions-making-payments-
epa#Pay.gov;
c. identify each and every payment with the Docket No. of this Agreement and Final
Order; and
d. within 24 hours of payment of the penalty, send proof of payment via electronic
mail to the Inspector at the Inspector’s email address identified in Table 1 of ESA
Attachment 1. “Proof of payment” means, as applicable, a copy of the check,
confirmation of credit card or debit card payment, confirmation of wire or
automated clearinghouse transfer, and any other information required to
demonstrate that payment has been made according to the EPA requirements, in
the amount due, and identified with the docket number. -
If Respondent fails to timely pay any portion of the penalty assessed under this Agreement,
the EPA may:a. request the Attorney General to bring a civil action in the United States District
Court for the District of Columbia to recover: the amount assessed; interest at
rates established pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 6621(a)(2), the United States’
enforcement expenses, and a 10 percent quarterly nonpayment penalty, 42 U.S.C.
§ 7413(d)(5);
b. refer the debt to a credit reporting agency or a collection agency, 40 C.F.R.
§§ 13.13, 13.14, and 13.33;
c. collect the debt by administrative offset (i.e., the withholding of money payable
by the United States to, or held by the United States for, a person to satisfy the
debt the person owes the Government), which includes, but is not limited to,
referral to the Internal Revenue Service for offset against income tax refunds, 40
C.F.R. Part 13, Subparts C and H; and3d. (1) suspend or revoke Respondent’s licenses or other privileges, or (2) suspend or
disqualify Respondent from doing business with the EPA or engaging in
programs the EPA sponsors or funds, 40 C.F.R. § 13.17. -
By signing this Agreement, Respondent certifies that the information it has supplied
concerning this matter was at the time of submission true, accurate, and complete for each
such submission, response, and statement. Respondent acknowledges that there are
significant penalties for submitting false or misleading information, including the possibility
of fines and imprisonment for knowing submission of such information, under 18 U.S.C.
§ 1001. -
By signing this Agreement, Respondent acknowledges that this Agreement and Order,
including identifying information such as name, federal tax ID number, mailing and e-mail
address, will be available to the public when the Agreement and Certificate of Service are
filed and uploaded to a searchable database and agrees that this Agreement does not contain
any confidential business information or other personally identifiable information. -
By signing this Agreement, the undersigned representative of Complainant and the
undersigned representative of Respondent each certify that he or she is fully authorized to
execute and enter into the terms and conditions of this Agreement and has the legal capacity
to bind the party he or she represents to this Agreement. -
By signing this Agreement, Respondent agrees to acceptance of the Complainant’s: (a)
digital or an original signature on this Agreement; and (b) service of the fully executed
Agreement on the Respondent by mail or electronically by e-mail. Complainant agrees to
acceptance of the Respondent’s digital or an original signature on this Agreement. -
Each party shall bear its own attorney’s fees, costs, and disbursements incurred in this
proceeding.E. EFFECT OF AGREEMENT AND ATTACHED FINAL ORDER -
In accordance with 40 C.F.R. § 22.18(c), completion of the terms of this Agreement and
Final Order resolves only Respondent’s liability for federal civil penalties for the violations
identified in Section C of this Agreement. -
Penalties paid pursuant to this Agreement shall not be deductible for purposes of federal
taxes. -
This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement and understanding of the Parties and
supersedes any prior agreements or understandings among the Parties with respect to the
subject matter hereof. -
The terms, conditions, and compliance requirements of this Agreement may not be modified
or amended after it is ratified except upon the written agreement of both parties, and approval
of the Environmental Appeals Board.4- Any violation of this Order may result in a civil judicial action for an injunction, or civil
penalties of up to $121,275 per day per violation (with each kilogram a separate violation), or
both, as provided in Section 113(b)(2) of the Act, 42 U.S.C. § 7413(b)(2), as well as criminal
sanctions as provided in Section 113(c) of the Act, 42 U.S.C. § 7413(c). The EPA may use
any information submitted under this Order in an administrative, civil judicial, or criminal
action.
- Any violation of this Order may result in a civil judicial action for an injunction, or civil
-
Nothing in this Agreement shall relieve Respondent of the duty to comply with all applicable
provisions of the Act and other federal, state, or local laws or statutes, nor shall it restrict the
EPA’s authority to seek compliance with any applicable laws or regulations, nor shall it be
construed to be a ruling on, or determination of, any issue related to any federal, state, or
local permit. -
Nothing herein shall be construed to limit the power of the EPA to undertake any action
against Respondent or any person in response to conditions that may present an imminent
and substantial endangerment to the public health, welfare, or the environment. -
The EPA reserves the right to revoke this Agreement and settlement penalty if and to the
extent that the EPA finds, after signing this Agreement, that any information provided by
Respondent was materially false or inaccurate at the time such information was provided to
the EPA, and the EPA reserves the right to assess and collect any and all civil penalties for
any violation described herein. The EPA shall give Respondent notice of its intent to revoke,
which shall not be effective until received by Respondent in writing.F. EFFECTIVE DATE -
Respondent and Complainant agree to the Environmental Appeals Board’s issuance of the
attached Final Order ratifying the Agreement. The effective date of the Agreement shall be
the date of issuance of the Final Order. The EPA will transmit a copy of the Final Order and
ratified Agreement to the Respondent.5 ESA ATTACHMENT 1 AMERICAN INNOVATION AND MANUFACTURING (“AIM”) ACTOFFSITE COMPLIANCE MONITORING ACTIVITY OR INSPECTION FACTS,
ALLEGED VIOLATIONS, PENALTY, AND CORRECTIVE ACTION FORMTable 1 – Offsite Compliance Monitoring Activity or Inspection Stipulated FactsOffsite Compliance Monitoring Activity Docket Number:
or Inspection Date(s):
7/21/2022 CAA-2024-008447
Offsite Compliance Monitoring Activity Entry/Shipment Number(s):
or Inspection Location:
Atlanta, GA BTF-22134007
1
Person/Importer Name (“Respondent”) Inspector(s) Name(s) and Email Address:
and Importer Number:
Hanwha Cimarron LLC Elfego Felix
26-297802600 [email protected]
Respondent Address: Date of Detention or Hold:
4912 Moores Mill Rd 6/22/2022
Huntsville, AL 35811-1512 US
Value of Goods: Arrival Date:
$ 4,800 6/21/2022
Subject HFCs 2 and Mass (in kg): MTEVe 3:
R-407C 4 1,384
Mass: 780 kgDid the importer have and expend Container and Quantity:
allowances equal to the imported HFCs?
No 60 cylinders, 13 kg each
Did the importer receive any non-objection The EPA Delegated Official:
notices from the EPA?
No Mary E. Greene
1
“Person” and “Importer” are defined in 40 C.F.R. § 84.3.
2
“Subject HFCs” are Bulk Regulated Substances subject to 40 C.F.R. § 84.5. “Bulk” and “Regulated Substance” are defined in 40 C.F.R. § 84.3. 3 The EPA calculates metric tons of EVe (“MTEVe”) by multiplying X kg (the mass of the regulated substance) by Y (the exchange value (EV) of the bulk regulated substance, as reflected in Appendix A of 40 C.F.R. Part 84), and dividing the product by 1,000 to obtain metric tons. The formula for calculating the EV of an HFC blend is set forth in footnote 5. 4 R-407C is an HFC blend that contains approximately 23% HFC-32, 25% HFC-125, and 52% HFC- 134a, which are regulated substances.
1
Table 2 – Description of Alleged Violation
Based on the facts in Table 1, the EPA alleges that the Subject HFCs are bulk regulated substances that were imported without the importer expending consumption or application-specific allowances in a quantity equal to the exchange-value weighted equivalent of the regulated substances imported, a violation of the HFC Allocation regulations at 40 C.F.R. § 84.5(b).
2
Table 3 – Civil Penalty 5
$960, where
$4,800 * 20% = $960
Monetary Value of Goods * Percentage Multiplier = Penalty, where
EV 6 Percentage HFC EV
Multiplier HFC–152 53
< 1,400 10% HFC–41 92
1,4 20% HFC–152a 124
> 5,000 30% HFC–143 353
14,800 HFC–32 675
HFC–245ca 693
HFC–365mfc 794
HFC–245fa 1,030
HFC–134a 1,100
HFC–236cb 1,340
HFC–236ea 1,370
HFC–134a 1,430
HFC–43–10mee 1,640
HFC–227ea 3,220
HFC–125 3,500
HFC–143a 4,470
HFC–236fa 9,810
HFC–23 14,800
5
To determine the EV of a HFC blend, calculate the contribution of each HFC to the total EV of the blend and calculate a case-specific EV multiplier by: multiplying the percentage of the blend made up of each HFC by its EV and summing the resulting blend constituent products to calculate the blend EV. For example, if the percentages of the blend and the EVs (in parentheses) of the constituents are: 55 percent HFC-32 (675), 16 percent HFC-125 (3,500), and 29 percent HFC-134a (1,430), the EV would be (0.55 × 675) + (0.16 × 3,500) + (0.29 × 1,430)) = 1345.95 EV. Where the exact amount or percentage of each HFC in a blend is unknown, the case team shall use the highest EV associated with a HFC in the blend as a multiplier to calculate the penalty. 6 EVs are found in Appendix A of 40 C.F.R. Part 84.
3
Digitally signed by MARY
MARY GREENE
GREENE Date: 2024.02.22
18:19:49 -05'00'
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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I certify that copies of the foregoing “Expedited Settlement Agreement/Consent
Agreement” and “Final Order,” in the matter of Hanwha Cimarron LLC, Docket No. CAA-2024- 008447, were sent to the following persons in the manner indicated:
By E-mail:
Ethan Thompson, Attorney Advisor
Air Enforcement Division
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20460
e-mail: [email protected]
Wesley Wells
Hanwha Cimarron LLC
4912 Moores Mill Rd
Huntsville, AL 35811
e-mail: [email protected]
Feb 23, 2024
Dated: ____ ______
Annette Duncan
Administrative Specialist
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