Redondo Construction Corporation

Plain-English summary

Redondo Construction was the general contractor for a pier and passenger-terminal project in San Juan, Puerto Rico. OSHA found a portable ladder whose side rails did not extend three feet above the landing and that lacked a required grabrail, even though employees used it for access. OSHA also found employees using open second-level floors and platforms without guardrails, with fall distances of approximately 14 and 25 feet. The judge rejected Redondo's arguments that the ladder was fixed or being dismantled and found that safety belts did not protect workers because they were not tied off. The ladder item was affirmed as serious for $500, and the guardrail item was affirmed as repeat for $4,500 based on a prior final citation for the same standard.

Decision snapshot

• Cited standard(s): 29 C.F.R. §§ 1926.1053(b)(1) and 1926.500(d)(1)
• Outcome: The serious ladder item and repeat guardrail item were affirmed, with total penalties of $5,000.
• Key point: A movable ladder remains portable even when temporarily secured, and wearing a safety belt does not address an open-edge hazard when the employee is not tied off.

Full text (OSHRC public release)

     -                           UNITED     STATES    OF AMERICA
          OCCUPATIONAL      SAFETY        AND        HEALTH        REVIEW    COMMISSION
                                     1825  K STREET NW
                                         4TH FLOOR
                               WASHINGTON,     DC 20006-1246


                                                                                                FAX
                                                                                                COM     (202)    634-4008
                                                                                                FTS   (202)     634-4008

SECRETARY OF LABOR
Complainant,
v. OSHRC DOCKET
NO. 92-0177
REDONDO CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION
Respondent.

                    NOTICE OF DOCKETING
             OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE’S DECISION
The Administrative       Law Judge’s Report in the above referenced                  case was

docketed with the Commission on April 8, 1993. The decision of the Judge
will become a final order of the Commission on May 10, 1993 unless a
Commission member directs review of the decision on or before that date. ANY
PARTY DESIRING REVIEW OF THE JUDGE’S DECISION BY THE
COMMISSION MUST FILE A PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW.
Any such etition should be received by the Executive Secretary on or before
April l
28, P993 in order to ermit sufficient time for its review. See
Commission Rule 91, 29 c!.F.R. 2200.91.
All further pleadings or communications regarding this case shall be
addressed to:
Executive Secretary
Occupational Safety and Health
Review Commission
1825 K St. N.W., Room 401
Washington, D.C. 20006-1246
Petitioning parties shall also mail a copy to:
Daniel J. Mick, Esq.
Counsel for Regional Trial Liti ation
Office of the Solicitor, U.S. DOgL
Room S4004
200 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20210

If a Direction for Review is issued by the Commission, then the Counsel for
Regional Trial Litigation will represent the Department of Labor. Any party
havmg questions about review rights may contact the Commission’s Executive
Secretary or call (202) 634-7950.

Date: April 8, 1993
DOCKET NO. 92-0177
NOTICE IS GIVEN TO THE FOLLOWING:

Daniel J. Mick, Esq.
Counsel for Regional Trial Litigation
Office of the Solicitor, U.S. DOL
Room S4004
200 Constitution Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20210

Patricia Rodenhausen, Esq.
Re ional Solicitor
Of&e of the Solicitor U.S. DOL
201 Varick, Room 707
New York, NY 10014

Jose A. Silva-Cofresi, Es uire
Fiddler, Gonzalez & Ro 8 riquez
P. 0. Box 363507
San Juan, PR 00936 3507

Paul L. Brady
Administrative Law Jud e
Occupational Safety an (f:Health
Review Commissron
Room 240
1365 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30309 3119

00017981697:02
 UfWED STATESOF AMERICA
OCCUPAT‘IONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVION COMM
1365 PEACHTREE STREET, N-E., SUTE 240
ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30309-3119

fv4cnuEz FAX
con4 (404) 347-4197 cou (404) 347-0113
Frs (404) 347-4197 FTS (404) 347-0113

                                                         ..

SECRETARY OF LABOR, 00
.0
Complainant, ..
b.
v. .. OSHRC Docket No. 92477
..

REDONDO CONSTRUCTION CORP., 0.
..
Respondent. ..
..

Appearances: ~

        Jane Well Brunner, Esq.                                    Jose A Silva-Cotiesi, Esq.
               Office of the Solicitor                                    Fiddler, Gonzalez & Rodriguez
               U. S. Department of I&or                                   San Juan, Puerto Rico
               New York City, New York                                             For Respondent
                       For Complainant

Before: Administrative Law Judge Paul L. Brady

                                       DECISION AND ORDER


         This proceeding is brought pursuant to Section 10 of the Occupational                Safety and

Health Act of 1970 (Act) to contest two citations and proposed penalties issued by the
Secretary of Labor (Secretary). Respondent, Redondo Construction Corporation
(Redondo), at all times pertinent hereto, was the general contractor for construction of a
pier and terminal at Pier 4 in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Compliance Officer Jose Carpena
conducted the inspection which gave rise to issuance of the citations (Tr. M-15).
 Alleged Violation of 29 C.F.R. 5 1926.1053(b)(l~

   The standard provides in pertinent part as follows:

           (1) When portable ladders are used for access to an upper landing
   surface, the ladder side rails shall extend at least 3 feet (.9 m) above the
   upper landing surface to which the ladder is used to gain access; or, when
   such an extension is not possible because of the ladder’s length, then the
   ladder shall be secured at its top to a rigid support that will not deflect, and
   a grasping device, such as a grabrail, shall be provided to assist employees in
   mounting and dismounting the ladder. . .    l

The citation alleges that:
Portable ladders observed on second level, north - north east comer of
passenger terminal had side rails that did not extend at least 3 feet above
upper landing surface. Hazard: Fall.
Mr. Carpena testified that during the inspection, he observed a wooden portable
ladder on which the side rails did not extend 36 inches above the landing. The ladder,
although secured, did not have any grasping device, such as a grabrail (Joint Exh. 1, Tr. 44
46). The evidence shows a guardrail was provided to abate this condition (Joint Exh. 14, Tr.
48, 114). Carpena stated the ladder was in use by Redondo employees at the time of the
inspection (Tr. 37).
In order to establish a violation of the standard, the Secretary must show by a
preponderance of the evidence that (1) the cited standard applied, (2) its terms were not
met, (3) employees had access to the violative condition, and (4) the employer knew or
could have known of the violation with the exercise of reasonable diligence. Se&Z Modem
Mfg.& Welding Cop., 15 BNA OSHC 1218, 1991 CCH OSHD !I 29,442, p. 39,678 (No. 88-
821, 1991).
Redondo argues that the first element of proof has not been met because the ladder
was a “fixed ladder.” It is maintained that since the ladder was admittedly secured both at
the top and bottom, it was of a fixed nature and not portable as alleged.
In this regard, the definitions under 29 C.F.R. 8 1926.1050 are governing. A portable
ladder is defined as “a ladder that can readily be moved or carried,” in contrast to a fixed

                                           2

ladder, which is defined as “a ladder that cannot be readily moved or carried because it is
an integral part of a building or structure.” The testimony of Carpena is not disputed that
the ladder was not an integral part of Pier 4 (Tr. 44-49, that “it could be moved, carried
or placed somewhere else” (Tr. 68-69). The cited standard applied in this case.
Redondo also denies the alleged violation occurred and that its employees had access
to any violative condition. Reference is made to the testimony of Mr. Carmelo Calderon,
Project Engineer, who explained that the ladder was being dismantled because concrete
pouring in the area was completed and forms were being removed (Tr. 103). It is also
pointed out that the compliance officer admitted there were other means of access to the
work area (Tr. 95). Calderon described the location of two other means of access (Tr. 104).
The project engineer also declared that the ladder was last used by employees about a week
before the inspection, contradicting the testimony of the inspector. He added that the
guardrail was put up only to show good faith, even though it was not necessary (Tr. 114).
Redondo argues that the contradiction in testimony regarding use of the ladder
should be resolved in its favor because of Carpena’s lack of credibility. In support of this
argument, Redondo refers to his testimony wherein he states the worksite was inspected on
the 17th and 18th of August. He retracted this testimony when he was informed these dates
were on a Saturday and Sunday. In addition, it is argued Carpena failed to interview or
identify the carpenters allegedly using the ladder.
The record does not indicate a reasonable basis for questioning Mr. Carpena’s
credibility, and his testimony regarding use of the ladder is not directly refuted. In addition,
the evidence convincingly shows the ladder was accessible for use.
Redondo admits there were two other means of access to the work area and that the
ladder was in place and had been used for such access. Although it is asserted the ladder
was being dismantled, such task is easily accomplished by simply removing the ladder from
service. Clearly, there was no need to add a guardrail, which can only be viewed as
assuming a safe means of access. The violation has been established as alleged.

                                             3

The standard requires in pertinent part as follows:
Every open-sided floor or platform 6 feet or more above adjacent floor or
ground level shall be guarded by a standard railing, or the equivalent, as
specified in paragraph (f)(l) of this section, on all open sides, except where
there is entrance to a ramp, stairway, or fixed ladder. . . .
The alleged violation is described in the citation as follows:
Open sided floors or platforms, 6 feet or more above adjacent floor or ground
level, were not guarded by a standard railing or the equivalent on all open
sides:

             a.      Open-sided floor observed on south side of
                     passenger terminal (2nd level), Pier #4, San Juan,
                     P.R., exposing employees to a 25 ft. fall.

             b.      Open-sided platform observed on north - north
                     east corner of passenger terminal (2nd level), Pier
                     #4, San Juan, P.R., exposing employees to a 14
                     ft. fall.
    Mr. Carpena testified that he observed the unguarded open-sided floor 25 feet above

the lower level. Employees were walking on the floor to gain access to the upper level
(Joint Exhs. 2,3, 5’). Carpena stated the project engineer indicated the area was “probably
overlooked” in referring to the installation of guardrails (Tr. 90). Calderon agreed there
were no guardrails in the area cited (Tr. 116). The inspector also described the second
instance of the alleged violation as depicted in Joint Exhl”bit 1. Access to the open-sided
platform was gained by use of the previously cited ladder (Tr. 30,34-35, 46). He explained
that Redondo’s employees walked on the platform, at times within 4 feet of the edge, to gain
access to their work areas (Tr. 25, 36-37, 91).
Mr. Calderon explained that the forming operation at the site required dismantling
and setting up in different locations.
I He stated that work was just commencing in the area
at the time of the inspection, and guardrails were being erected (Tr. 108-110). The project

’ Joint exhibit 4 shows the area cited after the condition was abated (Tr. 22-23).

                                                  4

engineer concedes that at least some of the employees who walked along the open-sided
floor were going to perform actual construction work and not perform guardrail installation
(Tr. 117-l 18).
Redondo also argues that it began to abate the hazard as soon as employees became
exposed to any danger. It is asserted that employees had not been exposed to any danger
before, because they were not working near the open-sided floor and did not need to use
the ladder for access to their work area (Respondent’s Brief, p. 12). Redondo further
contends employees wore safety belts; and, although there was evidence they wore safety
belts, they were not tied off (Tr. 66-67, 81-81).2 Calderon agreed, stating “they wouldn’t
be able to go far if they were tied off’ (Tr. 92).
The evidence establishes that the open-sided floors described in the citation were not
guarded by standard railings, thus exposing employees to fall hazards. The violations having
been proven, a determination must now be made as to the types of violations and whether
the proposed penalties are appropriate.
Citation No. 1 is alleged to be of a serious nature. A violation is deemed serious if
there is a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result from the
violative condition. Clearly, a fall of approximately 14 feet to a concrete surface could result
in serious injury or death. The alleged violation set forth in Citation No. 2 is characterized
as a repeat violation. “A violation is repeated under 8 17(a) of the Act if, at the time of
the alleged repeated violation, there was a Commission final order against the same
employer for a substantially similar violation.” Potlutch Cop., 7 BNA OSHC 1061, 1979
CCH OSHD ll 23,294 (No. 16183, 1979).
Joint Exhibit 6 shows that a citation charging violation for 29 C.F.R. 0 1926.500(d)(l)
was not contested and became a final order of the Commission on June 14, 1991. The
violation occurred at the Pier 4 construction site.
The determination of what constitutes an appropriate penalty is within the discretion
of the Commission. Secretary v. OSAHRC & Intentate Glass Co., 487 F.2d 438 (8th Cir.
1973). Under 9 17(j) of the Act, the Commission is required to find and give “due

2 The employees depicted in Joint Exhibit 12 were not in the cited areas (Tr. 115).

                                                 5

consideration” to the size of the employer’s business, the gravity of the violation, the good
faith of the employer, and the history of previous violations in determining the appropriate
penalty. The gravity of the offense is the principal factor to be considered. Nacirema
Operating Company, 1 BNA OSHC 1001, 1971-73 CCH OSHD li 15,032 (No. 4, 1972).
The record indicates Redondo’s concern for safety matters, as reflected by its written
safety program. The evidence also shows guardrails were in place in all other areas on site,
and the violations were immediately abated. Upon consideration of the foregoing factors
and circumstances, the following penalties are deemed appropriate:
(1) 29 C.F.R. 8 1926.1053(b)(l) $ 500.00
(2) 29 C.F.R. 8 1926.500(d)(l) $4,500.00

                    FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW


       The foregoing decision contains the findings of fact and conclusions            of law, in

accordance with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 52(a).

                                             ORDER


       It is hereby ORDERED         that:

       0         Citation No. 1, alleging violation of 29 C.F.R. 0 1926.1053(b)(l), is affirmed

and a penalty in the amount of $500.00 is hereby assessed; and
(2) Citation No. 2, alleging violation of 29 C.F.R. 0 1926.5OO(d)(l), is affirmed and
a penalty in the amount of $4,500.00 is hereby assessed.

                                                    Is/ Paul L. Bra&
                                              PAUL L. BRADY
                                              Judge

Date: March 11, 1993