Caretti, Inc.

Plain-English summary

Caretti performed masonry work near an unguarded control-room deck that was 15 feet, 4 inches above an auditorium floor. Its foreman placed yellow caution tape across the rear of the deck and instructed employees not to enter the area. OSHA observed employees working beside the deck and one foreman walking on a separate walkway, but no Caretti employee was seen on the unguarded deck. The judge found that employees did not need to use the walkway and that the caution tape kept them at least 10 feet from the deck edge. Even if they used the walkway, there was ample room for safe passage without approaching the edge. Because employee access to the fall hazard was not reasonably predictable, the serious citation was vacated.

Decision snapshot

• Cited standard(s): 29 C.F.R. § 1926.501(b)(1)
• Outcome: The serious unprotected-edge citation was vacated.
• Key point: An unguarded edge did not establish a violation where the employer restricted access and the work route remained safely separated from the fall zone.

Full text (OSHRC public release)

Caretti, Inc., Docket No. 04-0864

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION

SECRETARY OF LABOR,

Complainant,

v.

OSHRC DOCKET NO. 04-0864

CARETTI, INC.,

Respondent.

APPEARANCES:

Theresa C. Timlin, Esq.                                         Thomas S. Beckley, Esq.

U.S. Department of Labor                                     Beckley & Madden

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania                                    Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

For the Complainant.                                             For the Respondent.

BEFORE:       Administrative Law Judge William C. Cregar

DECISION AND ORDER

This matter is before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (“the
Commission”) pursuant to section 10(c) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970,
29 U.S.C. §§ 651-678 (“the Act”). Caretti, Inc. (“Caretti”) is a masonry contractor. On April
16, 2004, a compliance officer (“CO”) of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (“OSHA”) inspected Caretti’s work site, the auditorium of a school under
construction, in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. As a result of the inspection, OSHA issued a
citation alleging a serious violation of a construction safety standard, 29 C.F.R. §
1926.501(b)(1), and proposing a penalty of $1,500.00. Caretti timely contested the citation,
and a hearing was held in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania on December 1, 2004. The parties
submitted post-hearing briefs. No affected employees sought party status. For the reasons
below, I dismiss the citation. (C-3, R-7).

Jurisdiction

At all times relevant to this action, Caretti maintained a principal place of business at
4590 Industrial Park Road, Camp Hill, Pennsylvania, where it was engaged in the business
of masonry construction. Caretti was engaged in interstate commerce. (CE-1, Para. IV. A,
B, and F).

I conclude that Respondent is an employer within the meaning of section 3(5) of
the Act. Accordingly, the Commission has jurisdiction over the parties and the subject matter.

Statement of Facts

In April 2004, Caretti was the masonry contractor at the Central Dauphin School
District project in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The project involved the construction of a
school with an auditorium. Caretti contracted directly with the school district to perform the
masonry work at the site. Employees of other contractors were working on other aspects of
the auditorium construction. (Tr. 18, 82-84).

On April 12, 2004, another contractor had poured a flat concrete deck (“deck”) that
was to become the floor of a control room. The deck, located at the rear of the auditorium,
extended approximately 10 feet out from a “walkway”

running parallel to the rear wall of
the auditorium. The edge of the deck farthest from the walkway (“the front”) was 15 feet, 4
inches above the auditorium floor. On April 16, 2004, the date of the OSHA inspection, there
were no guardrails along the front edge of the deck.

Alongside and beneath both sides of the
deck were stairs providing access to what would become tiered bleacher seating. From the
auditorium floor the steps rose to the level of the control room floor. The walkway would
have made it possible for employees at the level of the deck to walk from one side of the
auditorium to the other without going down the steps and back up. Prior to April 16, 2004,
Scott Weber, Caretti’s foreman, had tied yellow caution tape across the rear edge of the deck.
The tape was intended to warn Caretti employees that the deck was not to be accessed; it did
not prevent or warn against access to the walkway. Because the tape stretched across the
edge of the deck, anyone standing on the walkway side would be no closer than 10 feet from
the 15 foot, 4 inch drop off. (Tr. 20, 25-27, 30, 35, 41, 45-46, 62, 74, 96-100, 131; C-2, R-8).

On the morning of April 16, 2004, CO Mary Siegfried conducted an OSHA
inspection. On that day a Caretti employee, Mr. Gaiski, was working from the steps in order
to brick in the spaces between the steps and the control room floor and along the upper edge
of the deck parallel to the steps. The area below each side of the deck adjacent to the steps
had been assigned to a bricklayer with a laborer to assist. CO Siegfried entered the
auditorium at the ground level and climbed the steps to the walkway area. As she walked
along the walkway, she videotaped portions of the auditorium, including the control room
deck. She also videotaped various materials and equipment owned by Caretti, including the
parts of a disassembled scaffold that were located on the deck beyond the area marked off
by the yellow caution tape.

At this time she observed approximately five individuals at the
rear of the auditorium, including Mr. Weber, and she videoed him as he walked across the
walkway. The videotape shows Mr. Weber walking towards the camera and Mr. Gaiski
working along the side of the deck.

Mr. Weber and Mr. Gaiski were the only Caretti
employees in the video. Caretti employees were not observed on the deck itself. (Tr. 16-20,
26-27, 33, 55, 60, 100-02, 109, 115, 148, 156; C-1).

Mr. Weber had instructed the Caretti bricklayers and laborers not to cross the
walkway. Indeed, it was not necessary they do so because each laborer could bring materials
to his assigned bricklayer without having to traverse the walkway. (Tr. 122, 134, 148).

Discussion

The cited standard, 29 C.F.R. § 1926.501 (b)(1), provides as follows:

Unprotected sides and edges. Each employee on a walking/working surface
(horizontal and vertical surface) with an unprotected side or edge which is 6
feet (1.8 m) or more above a lower level shall be protected from falling by the
use of guardrail systems, safety net systems, or personal fall arrest systems.

The citation alleges a violation of the above standard, as follows:

Central Dauphin High School, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Auditorium-
Employees worked/walked in close proximity to the unprotected side or edge
of the control room deck, thereby being exposed to a fall hazard of
approximately fifteen (15) feet, four (4) inches to the floor below, on or about
April 16, 2004.

To establish a violation of a standard, the Secretary must show by a preponderance
of evidence that: 1) the cited standard applies; 2) the standard was not met; 3) employees had
access to the violative condition; and 4) the employer had actual knowledge of the violative
condition or, with the exercise of due diligence, could have known of the violative condition.
Astra Pharmaceutical Prod., 9 BNA OSHC 2126, 2129 (No. 78-6247, 1981), aff’d in part,
remanded in part , 681 F.2d 69 (1 st Cir. 1982).

The Secretary has demonstrated three of the four criteria. The standard applies to the
control room deck, a walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge 15 feet, 4
inches feet above the next level. The standard was not met because a fall hazard would have
permitted a fall of 15 feet, 4 inches. Respondent’s actual knowledge of the violative
condition is established by Mr. Weber’s placement of yellow caution tape for the specific
purpose of preventing employees from walking on the deck and his instruction to Caretti
employees to stay away from the deck area. The Secretary has, however, failed to
demonstrate the third element - employee access to the hazard.

The Commission’s test for determining access to a violative condition includes a
requirement that such access be “reasonably predictable.”

This requirement entails a
demonstration that:

[E]mployees either while in the course of their assigned working duties, their
personal comfort activities while on the job, or their normal means of ingress-egress to their assigned workplaces, will be, are, or have been in a zone of
danger. Gilles & Cotting, Inc ., 3 BNA OSHC 2002, 2003 (No. 504, 1976).

The “zone of danger” is “the area surrounding the violative condition that presents the
danger to employees which the standard is intended to prevent.” RGM Constr. Co. , 17 BNA
OSHC 1229, 1234 (No. 91-2107,1995). The “zone of danger” determination is “one of fact
to be determined on a case by case basis.” Gilles at 2004.

Access to the Deck

Once across the yellow caution tape and on the deck, an employee would be in such
close proximity to the front edge of the deck that a fall would be reasonably predictable.
However, there is no evidence that Caretti employees had been or were on the deck at any
period when the scaffolds had not been in place. Indeed, Mr. Weber instructed the employees
to stay away from the area of the deck. The yellow caution tape warned them against walking
on the deck, and there was no reason for them to be on it. Accordingly, Complainant has
failed to demonstrate reasonably predictable access to the deck by Caretti’s employees.

Access to the Walkway

As the Secretary points out, the Commission has upheld findings that employees
within 6 to 12 feet of an improperly guarded perimeter were within the zone of danger.
Charles A. Gaetano Constr. Corp. , 6 BNA OSHC 1463, 1468 (No. 14886,1978). In another
case, a Commission judge held that employees who were approximately 6 feet away from an
unprotected floor opening were within the zone of danger. Brandenburg Indus. Serv. Co. , 18
BNA OSHC 1386, 1388-89 (No. 96-1405, 1998) (ALJ decision). However, the distance
between workers and the hazard does not end the inquiry. Thus, in RGM, supra , the
Commission considered the likelihood that an employee would be exposed to the danger of
an unguarded edge to a bridge where the employer had placed a cable with red plastic ribbons
to warn of the danger. The Commission stated:

RGM’s employees had ample room to walk along the bridge surface without
being in danger of falling off the edge. In the absence of evidence that the
employees walked close to the edge, ran along the surface, engaged in
horseplay, or otherwise engaged in an activity that might endanger them, we
find that the Secretary has not established that it is reasonably predictable that
an employee would be in the zone of danger posed by the unguarded edge of
the bridge. RGM Const. , supra , at 1234. See also Armour Food Co., 14 BNA
OSHC 1817, 1824 (No. 86-247, 1990) (employees had sufficient space to walk
by nip points of unguarded machinery without having to get near them).

I find that, even if they had been on the walkway, Caretti’s employees had ample room
to walk along it and were in no danger of falling off the edge of the deck.

There is no
evidence that Respondent’s employees ran along the surface, engaged in horseplay, or
otherwise exposed themselves to the danger of falling off the front edge of the deck.

The record shows that Mr. Weber had instructed the employees to stay away from the
area of the deck. The record also shows that it was not necessary for Caretti employees to use
the walkway for any purpose, and yellow caution tape had been placed to warn the employees
to stay at least 10 feet from the unprotected edge of the deck. Finally, the record shows that,
even if employees did use the walkway, it was sufficiently distant from the front edge of the
deck to assure safe passage without exposure to the alleged fall hazard. For all of these
reasons, I conclude that the Secretary has failed to establish that access to the hazard by
employees on the walkway was “reasonably predictable.” Item 1 of Serious Citation 1 is
accordingly vacated.

ORDER

1. Item 1 of Serious Citation 1, alleging a violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.501(b)(1), is
VACATED.

/s/

WILLIAM C. CREGAR

Judge, OSHRC

Dated: April 4, 2005

Washington, D.C.