Did Jefferson County have to build a replacement road before ending county maintenance and supervision of the entire dead-end Atwood Road?
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This page answers the general question as of 1987. Ezel answers yours: what it means for your facts, under current Texas law, with citations.
Texas AG Opinion JM-728: Ending County Road Maintenance
Plain-English summary
Jefferson County officials asked whether the county had to replace Atwood Road before discontinuing it as a county road. The road was described as a dead-end neighborhood road lying entirely across one landowner's property, with the landowner rather than the county maintaining it. Source: https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/sites/default/files/opinion-files/opinion/1987/jm0728.pdf
The Attorney General distinguished ending county maintenance and supervision from closing a road to traffic or extinguishing private rights to use it. A commissioners court could eliminate a roadway's public character without necessarily impairing private rights acquired in the road. Source: https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/sites/default/files/opinion-files/opinion/1987/jm0728.pdf
The statutory requirement for a replacement road came from an older rule that no part of a public road could be discontinued until a new road connected the portions left open. Its purpose was to prevent travelers from unexpectedly reaching a dead end after part of a trip. That purpose did not apply when the county intended to end maintenance of the entire dead-end road without closing it to traffic. Source: https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/sites/default/files/opinion-files/opinion/1987/jm0728.pdf
Currency note
This opinion was issued in 1987. Subsequent statutory amendments, court decisions, or later AG opinions may have changed the analysis. Treat this page as historical context, not current legal advice. Verify current law before relying on any specific rule, deadline, or remedy mentioned here.
Common questions
Did Jefferson County have to replace Atwood Road before ending maintenance?
No. On the facts assumed by the opinion, the county intended to discontinue maintenance and supervision of the entire road, not close part of it to traffic. Source: https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/sites/default/files/opinion-files/opinion/1987/jm0728.pdf
Was ending county maintenance the same as closing the road?
No. The opinion distinguished abandoning the road's public character or county upkeep from terminating use of the roadway. Source: https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/sites/default/files/opinion-files/opinion/1987/jm0728.pdf
Could the county's action extinguish private road-use rights?
Not automatically. The opinion cited authority distinguishing the commissioners court's power to abandon the public character of a road from private rights that citizens may have acquired in its use. Source: https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/sites/default/files/opinion-files/opinion/1987/jm0728.pdf
Why did the statute require a replacement road in other situations?
The opinion read the rule as protecting travelers when part of a through road was discontinued, so they would not encounter an unexpected dead end without an alternate connection. Source: https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/sites/default/files/opinion-files/opinion/1987/jm0728.pdf
Did the opinion decide disputed facts about Atwood Road?
No. It assumed, without deciding, that the road had become a public neighborhood road and that the county planned only to end maintenance and supervision rather than forbid its use. Source: https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/sites/default/files/opinion-files/opinion/1987/jm0728.pdf
Background and statutory framework
Section 2.002(a)(1)(A) of article 6702-1 said a public road could not be discontinued until a replacement road was ready. The opinion read that language in light of former article 6703 and the legislature's stated intent to reenact the county-road laws without substantive change. Source: https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/sites/default/files/opinion-files/opinion/1987/jm0728.pdf
Atwood Road was treated as a neighborhood road under former article 6711 and section 2.006 of article 6702-1 for purposes of the opinion's assumptions. Source: https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/sites/default/files/opinion-files/opinion/1987/jm0728.pdf
Citations and references
- V.T.C.S. art. 6702-1, §§ 2.002(a)(1)(A), 2.006
- V.T.C.S. arts. 6703, 6711
- Acts 1983, 68th Leg., ch. 288; Acts 1984, 68th Leg., 2d C.S., ch. 8, § 1
- S.B. No. 24, 68th Leg., 2d C.S.
- Porter v. Johnson, 140 S.W. 469 (Tex. Civ. App. - Dallas 1911, no writ)
- Meyer v. Galveston H. & S.A. Railway Co., 50 S.W.2d 268 (Tex. Comm'n App. 1932)
- Robison v. Whaley Farm Corporation, 37 S.W.2d 714 (Tex. 1931)
- Smith County v. Thornton, 726 S.W.2d 2 (Tex. 1986)
- MacFarlane v. Davis, 147 S.W.2d 528 (Tex. Civ. App. - Beaumont 1940, no writ)
- Compton v. Thacker, 474 S.W.2d 570 (Tex. Civ. App. - Dallas 1971, writ ref'd n.r.e.)
- Attorney General Opinions V-975 (1949), C-752 (1966), M-633 (1970)
Source: https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/sites/default/files/opinion-files/opinion/1987/jm0728.pdf
Source
- Landing page: https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/opinions/jim-mattox/jm-0728
- Original PDF: https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/sites/default/files/opinion-files/opinion/1987/jm0728.pdf
Original opinion text
Best-effort transcription from a scanned PDF. Minor errors may remain. The linked PDF is authoritative.
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
OF TEXAS
June 25, 1987
JIM MATTOX .
ATTORNEY GENERAL
Honorable Tom Maness Opinion No. JM-728
Criminal District Attorney
P. O. Box 2553 Re: Whether a county may abandon
Beaumont, Texas 77704 . a neighborhood road without re-
placing it
Dear Mr. Maness:
You ask about the authority of the Commissioners Court of
Jefferson County to abandon a particular road without replacing it.
As you describe the situation:
_ At least eight landowners and the county com-
missioner in Precinct 3 in Jefferson County, Texas
are interested in abandoning Atwood Road, a dead-
c~ end road which lies entirely across land belonging
to Mr. Fontenot. The road is not used by any
substantial segment of the general public except
those persons living along it [the Fontenot
family], and the road does not connect two or more
county roads. Atwood Road is not maintained by the
county but voluntarily by Mr. Fontenot who wants
the county to abandon the road; there are
allegations that the road should never have been
included in the county road system, and there is no
need to replace Atwood Road if it is abandoned.
Your question is:
Must the county replace Atwood Road before
discontinuing it pursuant to section 2.002(a) (1) (A)
of the County Road and Bridge Act?
The County Road and Bridge Act, article 6702-1, V.T.C.S., was
enacted in 1983, Acts 1983, 68th Leg., ch. 288, at 1431, as an act
"relating to a revision of the laws concerning county roads and
bridges" and providing penalties. Its provisions are derivative of
Many statutes of long standing that the enactment repealed. Id. 8§2,
at 1526. See also Acts 1984, 68th Leg., 2d C.S., ch. 8, §1, at 29
(ratifying repeal). Cf. Porter v. Johnson, 140 S.W. 469 (Tex. Civ.
App. - Dallas 1911, no writ).
on
;
Section 2.002(a) of the new statute -- derived from expressly
repealed article 6703 -- provides:
Sec. 2.002 (a) The Commissioners court shall:
(1) order that public roads be laid out,
opened, discontinued or altered when necessary
except that:
(A) a_public road may not be discontinued
until a new road is ready to replace it... .
(Emphasis added).
The power and authority of the commissioners court of a county to
abandon or discontinue recognition of a road as a public road is
distinct from its authority to close a road. In Meyer v. Galveston H.
& S.A. Railway Co., 50 S.W.2d 268, 273 (Tex. Comm'n App. 1932),
holding approved, the court said, citing Robison v. Whaley Farm
Corporation, 37 S.W.2d 714 (Tex.), reh'g denied, 40 S.W.2d 52 (Tex.
1931):
. The authority of the Commissioners’ Court to cease
to maintain a road, previously maintained as a
public road, and abandon it as such, is announced “_.
in Robison v. Whaley Farm Corporation (citation
omitted). .. . The Commissioners’ Court could
eliminate the public character of this roadway, .
but it could not impair the rights which had been
acquired by private citizens to use it as
such. ...
Discussions regarding the “discontinuance” of roads are sometimes
confused by a failure to distinguish between the authority of a
commissioners court to abandon rights of a public character in an
existing roadway, and its ability to extinguish private rights that
may have arisen in the use of the roadway. See Smith County v.
Thornton, 726 S.W.2d 2 (Tex. 1986); Attorney General Opinion V-975
(1949).
From the information you have furnished us, it appears this road
was declared to be a public road in 1973. Inasmuch as the road has
never connected with other roads but has always existed only upon the
landholder's property (terminating in a dead-end), the 1973 order
of the commissioners court declaring it to be a public road was
apparently intended to make it a "neighborhood road" within the
meaning of former article 6711, V.T.C.S., now section 2.006 of article
6702~1, V.T.C.S.
The opinion process of this office is not designed or equipped to —~
resolve disputed questions of fact. This opinion assumes (but does ,
,
not hold) that this road acquired a public character as a neighborhood
road in 1973, and that the public acquired an easement to use the way
as a public thoroughfare, but not the fee title thereto. It also
assumes that the commissioners court does not now intend to forbid use
of the road (i.e., to close it), but intends merely to discontinue
recognition of it as a county roadway for maintenance and supervisory
purposes. Cf. MacFarlane v. Davis, 147 S.W.2d 528 (Tex. Civ. App. -
Beaumont 1940, no writ).
Confusion also arises in connection with the "discontinuance" of
roads because statutes and courts sometimes use the word in two
different senses. Cf. Attorney General Opinion C-752 (1966).
Sometimes, as in the Meyer case noted above, the words “abandonment”
or “discontinuance” are used in discussions of roads to signify a
termination of county responsibility for the upkeep, care, and
supervision of the roadway. At other times, the words are used to
indicate the act of terminating the use of the roadway, i.e., closing
it to traffic. See Compton v. Thacker, 474 S.W.2d 570 (Tex. Civ. App.
- Dallas 1971, writ ref'd n.r.e.); McFarlane v. Davis, supra.
As set out above, the 1983 County Road and Bridge Act states that
“a public road may not be discontinued until a new road is ready to
replace it." Before the 1983 enactment, the applicable statute
oo (former article 6703, V.T.C.S.) read in part:
No part of a public road shall be discontinued
until a new road is first built connecting the
parts not discontinued. (Emphasis added).
The 1983 legislative revision was intended to be non-substantive,
and we do not think the statutory law regarding “discontinued roads"
was changed in 1983. The entire 1983 enactment was reenacted by
Senate Bill No. 24 in a 1984 special session of the legislature, as
the bill analysis explains:
Most of the laws relating to county roads and
bridges were enacted in the 1920s and 1930s. The
1983 session of the legislature reenacted all of
these statutes, without substantive changes, as
the County Road and Bridge Act. Recently a
question has arisen as to the adequacy of the
title under which the County Road and Bridge Act
was enacted in 1983. Because ot these questions,
the entire act has been reintroduced under a more
descriptive title. This will insure the act's
constitutionality.
Bill Analysis to S.B. No. 24, prepared for Transportation Committee,
~ filed in Bill File to S.B. No. 24, Legislative Reference Library.
‘
The purpose of the provision restricting the "discontinuance" of
part of a road “until a new road is first built connecting the parts
not discontinued" (now, "until a new road is ready to replace it")
apparently was, and still is, meant to assure that travelers starting
a trip along a county road (and unaware that a part of it may be
impassable) will not find themselves at a dead-end after a part of the
trip, unable to proceed to their destination by an alternate route.
See Attorney General Opinion M-633 (1970).
Inasmuch as the Commissioners Court of Jefferson County does not
intend to close part of the road to traffic, as we understand the
situation, but, rather, intends to discontinue county maintenance
and supervision of the road in its entirety, the proscription of
subsection 2.002(a)(1)(A) of the County Road and Bridge Act is not
applicable, The county need not replace Atwood Road before
discontinuing it as a county road.
SUMMARY
The statutory provision that a commissioners
court may not discontinue a public road until a
new road is ready to replace it is not applicable
where the commissioners court does not intend to
close a part of a neighborhood road to traffic but —,
instead intends to discontinue county maintenance
and supervision of the road in its entirety.
Very truly yours,
AAW,
JIM MATTOX
Attorney General of Texas
JACK HIGHTOWER
First Assistant Attorney General
MARY KELLER
Executive Assistant Attorney General
JUDGE ZOLLIE STEAKLEY
Special Assistant Attorney General
RICK GILPIN
Chairman, Opinion Committee
Prepared by Bruce Youngblood
Assistant Attorney General
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