Does a New York public library need voter approval to be dissolved and to transfer its property to a free association library?

Plain-English summary

The Corning Area Public Library, a joint public library serving seven municipalities around Corning, had closed for lack of funding. A proposal surfaced to replace it with an association library whose trustees would include private-sector representatives alongside the municipalities. The Commissioner of Education asked the Attorney General whether voter approval was required either to abolish the existing public library or to transfer all of its assets to the new association library.

Attorney General Eliot Spitzer concluded there were at least three paths and they had different voter-approval requirements.

The voter-approval path, Education Law § 268, lets the library be abolished by majority vote of the electors. That route requires referendum approval, not just a vote of the elected governing body. After abolition, the library's property goes first to the Regents to repay public gifts; what remains can be used as directed by the abolition vote.

The Regents-dissolution path, Education Law §§ 219 and 220, allows the Board of Regents to dissolve a library it has chartered. Section 219(1) lets the Regents revoke or alter a charter "for sufficient cause" with notice and a hearing. Section 219(3) lets the Regents dissolve the corporation on a three-fourths vote of the trustees. Section 220 then sends the disposition of assets to Supreme Court. No voter approval is required.

The asset-transfer path, Education Law § 266, lets a municipality or district transfer ownership and control of its library, with all its property, to a free association library by vote of the elected governing body and Regents approval. No referendum is required, only the same kind of vote that would have authorized establishing the public library under § 255.

The opinion also rejected an argument that the voter-approval requirement in § 268 could be sidestepped by invoking Article 10 of the Not-For-Profit Corporation Law. Because the Education Law already provides multiple routes that fit the proposal, there was no need to reach the N-PCL question.

Currency note

This opinion was issued in 2000. Subsequent statutory amendments, court decisions, or later AG opinions may have changed the analysis. Treat this page as historical context, not current legal advice. Verify current law before relying on any specific rule, deadline, or remedy mentioned here.

Common questions

Q: What is the difference between a "public library" and an "association library"?
A: Education Law § 253(2) defines a public library as a library "established for free public purposes by official action of a municipality or district or the legislature, where the whole interests belong to the public." An association library is "established and controlled, in whole or in part, by a group of private individuals operating as an association, close corporation or as trustees under the provisions of a will or deed of trust." A "free" library is one open to all on equal terms.

Q: When is voter approval required to abolish a public library?
A: Under Education Law § 268. Any library established by public vote, by vote of a city council, by vote of a village board of trustees, by school authorities, by an Indian reservation tribal government, or under § 255 may be abolished by majority vote at an election or at a duly held meeting of the electors. After abolition, library property is used first to return the equivalent of state or other public gifts to the Regents; remaining property may be used as the abolition vote directs.

Q: When can a library be dissolved without voter approval?
A: Under Education Law §§ 219 and 220. Section 219(1) lets the Regents revoke or alter a charter "for sufficient cause" after a hearing (or without one if three-fourths of the trustees request it). Section 219(3) lets the Regents dissolve a corporation on a three-fourths vote of its trustees, provided there is no sufficient reason to continue it and taxes are paid. Section 220 then governs disposition of property: the trustees petition the Supreme Court within three months, the court directs sale of designated assets to cover debts and dissolution costs, and the remaining property is disposed of as the court directs, with library books and objects of art or historical significance going where possible to libraries, museums, or educational institutions willing to accept them.

Q: What does Education Law § 266 do that the other paths don't?
A: Section 266 allows a "transfer" of an existing public library's ownership, control, and property to an institution providing free library service (which includes a free association library). The transfer requires a vote "similar to that required by section two hundred fifty-five," meaning the same vote of the elected governing body that would have authorized establishment of the public library, plus Regents approval. Voter approval at a referendum is not required.

Q: Does the transfer have to be to an existing library?
A: No. Counsel for the Education Department had asked whether § 266 contemplated only transfers to an ongoing library, not to a newly chartered one. The opinion rejected that distinction: § 266 makes no such requirement, and transfers to either existing or newly chartered free association libraries are permissible.

Q: Doesn't Article 10 of the Not-For-Profit Corporation Law also provide a dissolution route?
A: It might, but the opinion declined to reach the question. Education Law § 216-a(4)(a) makes the N-PCL applicable to corporations chartered by the Regents, except where a provision of the Education Law conflicts, in which case the Education Law prevails. Because the Education Law itself provides several adequate routes, the Attorney General did not need to decide whether N-PCL Article 10 would otherwise apply.

Background and statutory framework

New York libraries are chartered under Article 5 of the Education Law, with the Board of Regents holding the chartering authority. A public library is established under Education Law § 255(1) by either a majority vote at a referendum or by vote of the relevant elected governing body. The trustees apply for a charter from the Regents under § 261, and the Regents incorporate the library under § 216.

For dissolution, the Education Law layers three different procedures. Section 268 (the voter-approval route) treats abolition as a fundamental democratic decision; the people who voted to establish the library, or whose governing body did so, get the final word on ending it. Section 219 (the Regents route) reflects the Regents' chartering authority: just as the Regents incorporate a library, they can revoke or dissolve it for sufficient cause. Section 220 sends the asset-disposition question to Supreme Court for an orderly process.

Section 266 is a different mechanism entirely. It does not abolish the library; it transfers the library's ownership and assets to a free association library. Because nothing is being "abolished," only restructured into a different ownership form that still provides free library service, the Legislature did not require voter approval. The "vote similar to that required by section two hundred fifty-five" plus Regents approval is enough.

The opinion's practical effect was to give the Education Department, the Corning municipalities, and the proposed association library multiple workable paths to replace the closed public library. The voter-approval path was available if the parties wanted democratic legitimacy. The Regents-dissolution and § 266 transfer paths were available if they wanted to move more quickly.

Citations and references

Statutes:

• N.Y. Education Law § 216 (Regents may incorporate libraries)
• N.Y. Education Law § 219 (charter revocation and corporate dissolution)
• N.Y. Education Law § 220 (disposition of corporate property)
• N.Y. Education Law § 253 (definitions: public library, association library, free)
• N.Y. Education Law § 255 (establishment of public libraries)
• N.Y. Education Law § 266 (transfer of libraries)
• N.Y. Education Law § 268 (abolition by voter approval)
• N.Y. Not-For-Profit Corporation Law Article 10 (non-profit dissolution)

Prior opinions:

• Op. St. Compt. No. 73-1190 (voter approval required to abolish library under § 268)
• Op. St. Compt. No. 74-326 (same)

Source

• Landing page: https://ag.ny.gov/libraries-documents/opinions/opinions-year
• Original PDF: https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/opinions/2000-F5_pw.pdf

Original opinion text

OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

Page 1 of 4

Opn. No. 2000-F5
EDUCATION LAW, ART 5, §§216, 216-a, 219, 220, 253, 255, 260, 261, 266, 268; NOT-FORPROFIT CORPORATION LAW ART 10.
Although voter approval is required to abolish a public library under Education Law §268, a public
library may be abolished or dissolved under sections 219 and 220 without voter approval. Furthermore,
all the property of a public library may be transferred to a free association library under section 266
without voter approval.
July 7, 2000
Hon. Richard Mills
Commissioner
New York State Education Department
Education Building
Albany, NY 12234

Formal Opinion
No. 2000-F5

Dear Commissioner Mills:
Your counsel has asked whether voter approval is required in order for a public library to be
abolished or for all of its assets to be transferred to a newly-established association library. She has
advised us that the Corning Area Public Library, a joint public library serving approximately seven
municipalities in the Corning area, is currently closed due to a lack of funding. A proposal has been
made to establish an association library to replace and assume the operations of the public library. The
board of trustees of the association library would include representatives from the private sector in
addition to representatives from the municipalities currently served by the public library.
Public libraries and association libraries are governed by Article 5 of the Education Law. The term
"public library" means "a library, other than professional, technical or public school library, established
for free public purposes by official action of a municipality or district or the legislature, where the whole
interests belong to the public." Education Law §253(2). The term "association library" means "a library
established and controlled, in whole or in part, by a group of private individuals operating as an
association, close corporation or as trustees under the provisions of a will or deed of trust." Id. The term
"free" as applied to a library means "a library maintained for the benefit and free use on equal terms of
all the people of the community in which the library is located." Id.
Education Law §255(1), which governs the establishment of a public library, provides that the
establishment of a public library may be authorized either by referendum or by vote of a municipality's
elected governing body:
By a majority vote at any election, or at a meeting of the electors duly held, any county,
city, village, town, school district or other body authorized to levy and collect taxes; or by
vote of its board of supervisors or other governing elective body any county, or by vote of
its common council or by action of a board of estimate and apportionment or other proper
authority any city, or by vote of its board of trustees any village, or by vote of its town
board any town, or any combination of such voting bodies, may individually or jointly
authorize the establishment of a public library ....

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Public libraries are to be managed by trustees "who shall have all the powers of trustees of other
educational institutions of the [University of the State of New York]." Education Law §260(1). Within
one month after taking office, a public library's first board of trustees "shall apply to the [Board of
Regents of the University of the State of New York ("Regents")] for a charter in accordance with the
vote establishing the library." Id. §261. The Regents, in turn, are empowered to incorporate any such
public library "by an instrument under their seal and recorded in their office." Id. §216.
The Regents granted the Corning Public Library a provisional charter as a joint public library on
September 26, 1969, after the Common Council of the City of Corning, the Town Board of the Town of
Corning, and the Town Board of the Town of Erwin had each voted in favor of the library's
establishment for the free use of the inhabitants of the City and Town of Corning and the Town of
Erwin. The Regents made the provisional charter absolute on October 29, 1976. The Regents amended
the library's charter on December 16, 1994, to, among other things, change the corporate name to
"Corning Area Public Library," recite that the towns of Campbell, Caton, Hornby, and Lindley were
among those municipalities authorizing the establishment and continuation of the library, and indicate
that the library's service area comprised the City and Town of Corning and the Towns of Campbell,
Caton, Erwin, Hornby, and Lindley.
As we construe the relevant statutory provisions, there appear to be at least three ways in which
the abolition of a public library and/or the transfer of its property to an association library may be
effectuated. First, under Education Law §268, the library may be abolished pursuant to a vote of the
electorate. Second, under Education Law §219, the Regents may, for sufficient cause, revoke the
library's charter or, upon three-fourths vote of the library's trustees, issue an order of dissolution of the
library. In that case, the library's assets are to be disposed of pursuant to the provisions of section 220.
Third, under Education Law §266, ownership and control of a public library with all its property may be
transferred to a free association library, either by referendum or by vote of the relevant municipality's
elected governing body, subject to the approval of the Regents.

1. Education Law §268, which sets forth a procedure for the abolition of a public library, provides in
   pertinent part:
   Any library established by public vote of any municipality or district, or by vote of
   the common council of any city, or by vote of the board of trustees of any village, or
   by action of school authorities, or by vote of the tribal government of an Indian
   reservation, or under section two hundred fifty-five of this chapter, may be abolished
   by majority vote at an election, or at a meeting of the electors duly held ....
   Thus, approval by the electorate and not simply by the municipality's elected governing body is
   necessary in order to abolish a public library under section268. See Op St Compt No. 73-1190; Op
   St Compt No. 74-326.
   Section 268 further provides for the disposal of the library's property after it is abolished:
   If any such library is abolished, its property shall be used first to return to the regents,
   for the benefit of other free association or public or school libraries in that locality,
   the equivalent of such sums as it may have received from the state or from other
   sources as gifts for public use. After such return any remaining property may be used
   as directed in the vote abolishing the library, but if the entire library property does not
   exceed in value the amount of such gifts, it may be transferred to the regents for
   public use, and the trustees shall thereupon be free from further responsibility. No

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abolition of a public library shall be lawful until the regents grant a certificate that its
assets have been properly distributed and its abolition completed in accordance with
law.

2. In addition, Education Law §219 permits the Regents to abolish a corporation that they have
   incorporated. Education Law §268 does not purport to be the exclusive procedure for the abolition
   of a public library, and therefore the procedures set forth in section 219 apply to public libraries as
   they do to other corporations chartered by the Regents, and permit a public library to be abolished
   without voter approval.
   Education Law §219(1) provides in pertinent part:
   The regents may, at any time, for sufficient cause, by an instrument under their seal
   and recorded in their office, change the name, or alter, suspend or revoke the charter
   or certificate of incorporation of any domestic corporation which they might
   incorporate under section two hundred sixteen ....
   Under this provision, unless a request is made by three-fourths of the corporation's trustees, the
   charter may not be altered or revoked without a hearing to be held on thirty days' notice to the
   corporation's trustees to permit objections to the proposed change to be considered. Id.
   Alternatively, under Education Law §219(3), a corporation's trustees may, upon threefourths vote to dissolve the corporation, petition the Regents to issue an order of dissolution. "If it
   appears to the satisfaction of the regents that there is no sufficient reason for the continuance of
   the corporation [and] that all taxes chargeable to the corporation have been paid, ... the regents
   shall thereupon have power to dissolve the corporation." Id.
   In the event of the revocation of a corporation's charter or the dissolution of a corporation
   under section 219, section 220 sets forth the procedure for the disposition of the corporation's
   property. Within three months of the revocation or dissolution, the board of trustees must petition
   the Supreme Court for "an order directing the disposition of any and all property belonging to the
   corporation." Education Law §220(1). The petition must "set forth a complete statement of all the
   assets, together with their location and an estimate of their value, and also a statement of the
   ascertainable debts of the corporation." Id. "The court shall direct the sale of sufficient designated
   assets to pay any outstanding debts and the cost of dissolution." Id. §220(4). The Regents and the
   board of trustees "may present to the court their recommendation as to the disposition of the
   remaining property of the corporation [sic] if there be library books, objects of art or of historical
   significance, as far as possible they shall not be sold but shall be transferred to libraries, museums
   or educational institutions willing to accept them." Id.
3. Finally, Education Law §266 appears to provide a way for all the assets of a public library to be
   transferred to a free association library without voter approval. Education Law §266, which
   governs transfers of libraries and their property, provides in pertinent part:
   By vote similar to that required by section two hundred fifty-five of this chapter
   [governing the establishment of a public library] any municipality or district or tribal
   government or combination of districts, ... may, when such vote or action has been
   duly approved by the regents, transfer ... the ownership and control of its library with
   all its property, real and personal, or any part thereof, to any municipality, or district,
   or institution providing for free library service; and the trustees or body making the

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transfer shall thereafter be relieved of all responsibility pertaining to property thus
transferred.
Thus, voter approval is not required for a transfer under section 266. Rather, such a transfer may
take place upon a vote "similar to that required by" section 255, e.g., the vote of a city's common
council, a town's town board, or a combination of such votes, followed by approval of the
Regents. In order for a transfer to an association library to be permissible under section 266, the
recipient must be an "institution providing for free library service," i.e., a free association library.
Your counsel suggests that section 266 seems to contemplate the transfer of assets to an ongoing
library, not a newly-chartered library. But section 266 makes no such distinction, and a transfer to
either an existing or a newly-chartered library would seem to be permissible.
Your counsel has also asked whether, in light of Education Law §216-a(4), the voter-approval
requirement contained in Education Law §268 would be obviated by invoking Article 10 of the Not-ForProfit Corporation Law ("N-PCL") to dissolve the public library. Section 216-a(4)(a) provides that the
N-PCL applies to a corporation chartered by the Regents, except that "[i]f a provision of the not-forprofit corporation law conflicts with a provision of this chapter ..., the provision of this chapter ... shall
prevail and the not-for-profit corporation law shall not apply in such case." Because the Education Law
provides several avenues that would enable the proposed association library to replace and assume the
operations of the Corning Area Public Library, we need not reach the question of the applicability of
article 10 of the N-PCL to this situation.
We conclude that although voter approval is required to abolish a public library under Education
Law §268, a public library may be abolished or dissolved under sections 219 and 220 without voter
approval. Furthermore, all the property of a public library may be transferred to a free association library
under section 266 without voter approval.
Very truly yours,
ELIOT SPITZER
Attorney General

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