Did Missouri approve ballot wording protecting past and future initiatives and referendum results?

Plain-English summary

Missouri Attorney General Andrew Bailey approved the legal content and form of the proposed summary statement for Jamie Howard's initiative petition 2026-059. The statement described prohibiting legislative changes to citizen initiatives or enactment of laws similar to those rejected by referendum unless 80% of legislators referred the change to voters. It said the protection would cover past and future measures.

It also described barring legislatively proposed amendments from limiting initiative or referendum powers, immediate court rewriting of misleading ballot titles, general-election placement for most measures unless 80% of legislators and the governor approved a special election, and retention of existing majority-vote and signature thresholds. The opinion did not endorse the petition.

What this means for you

Missouri voters and initiative proponents

The reviewed statement described protections for past and future citizen initiatives, referendum results, and existing majority-vote and signature thresholds.

State legislators and election officials

The statement described an 80% legislative referral threshold and general-election placement for most measures unless the stated special-election threshold was met.

Courts, citizens, and election lawyers

The statement described requiring courts to rewrite misleading ballot titles immediately.

Common questions

Q: What measures did the statement protect?
A: Citizen initiatives and laws similar to those rejected by referendum, including past and future measures.

Q: What threshold did it identify for legislative changes?
A: Eighty percent of legislators to refer the change to voters.

Q: When would most ballot measures be held?
A: At general elections unless 80% of legislators and the governor approved a special election.

Q: What petition rules would remain?
A: Existing majority-vote and signature thresholds for citizen-initiated measures.

Background and statutory framework

The Missouri Secretary of State requested review on July 2, 2025. The attorney general reviewed the proposed summary statement under § 116.334, RSMo and approved it on July 11, 2025.

The proposal was identified as Jamie Howard's petition 2026-059. The opinion reproduced the statement's five provisions concerning citizen measures, legislative thresholds, elections, ballot titles, and petition requirements.

Citations and references

Statute: § 116.334, RSMo.

Source

• Landing page: https://ago.mo.gov/other-resources/ag-opinions/
• Original PDF: https://ago.mo.gov/wp-content/uploads/120-2025.pdf

Original opinion text

ATTORNEY GENERAL OF MISSOURI
ANDREW BAILEY

July 11, 2025

OPINION LETTER NO. 120-2025

The Honorable Denny Hoskins
Missouri Secretary of State
James C. Kirkpatrick State Information Center
600 West Main Street
Jefferson City, MO 65101

Dear Secretary Hoskins:

This opinion letter responds to your request dated July 2, 2025 for our review under § 116.334, RSMo of a proposed summary statement prepared for the petition submitted by Jamie Howard, 2026-059. The proposed summary statement is as follows:

Shall the Missouri Constitution be amended to:

• Prohibit the legislature from changing citizen initiatives or enacting laws similar to those rejected by referendum, unless 80% of legislators refer the change to voters, including past and future measures;

• Bar legislatively proposed amendments from limiting citizen initiative or referendum powers;

• Require courts to immediately rewrite misleading ballot titles;

• Require most ballot measures to be held at general elections unless approved for special elections by 80% of legislators and the governor; and

• Retain existing majority vote and signature thresholds for citizen-initiated measures?

Pursuant to § 116.334, RSMo, we approve the legal content and form of the proposed statement. Because our review of the statement is mandated by statute, no action that we take with respect to such review should be construed as an endorsement of the petition, nor as the expression of any view regarding the objectives of its proponents.

Very truly yours,

ANDREW BAILEY
Attorney General

OP-2025-132

Supreme Court Building
207 W. High Street
P.O. Box 899
Jefferson City, MO 65102
Phone: (573) 751-3321
Fax: (573) 751-0774
www.ago.mo.gov