What happened when no one qualified for a Louisiana justice-of-the-peace special election?

Plain-English summary

No candidate qualified for a justice-of-the-peace vacancy election, even after the qualifying period reopened. More than one year remained in the term. In 2000, the attorney general's office said the vacancy still had to be filled by a special election, so the governor should issue another election call under the governing timetable.

The office separated that election from temporary service in the office. The current justice of the peace held over until the Louisiana Supreme Court made an appointment or a successor was elected and qualified, whichever happened first. Once appointed, the replacement served until the vacancy was filled. The opinion also cited the rule barring the appointee from running in the election to fill that vacancy.

Currency note

This opinion was issued in 2000. Subsequent statutory amendments, court decisions, or later AG opinions may have changed the analysis. Treat this page as historical context, not current legal advice. Verify current law before relying on any specific rule, deadline, or remedy mentioned here.

Election officials at the time

The opinion rejected letting an appointee serve out the remaining term as the answer to an election with no candidates. It called for another special election because more than twelve months remained.

Justices of the peace at the time

The sitting justice remained in office under the holdover provisions until appointment or election supplied a successor. A supreme court appointee served pending the vacancy election and was ineligible to run in it.

Common questions

Q: Did a special election with no candidates end the election requirement?
A: The opinion said no. Another special election had to be called for this vacancy with more than twelve months left in the term.

Q: Who performed the justice-of-the-peace duties while the vacancy remained?
A: The current justice held over until a supreme court appointment or an elected and qualified successor. The appointee then served until the vacancy was filled.

Q: Could the supreme court's appointee run for the vacant office?
A: The opinion said the constitutional and statutory provisions it cited barred that appointee from being a candidate in the vacancy election.

Background and statutory framework

The office cited R.S. 13:2581 and R.S. 42:2 for holdover service. It treated a justice-of-the-peace vacancy under Article 5, Section 22(B) of the Louisiana Constitution and R.S. 18:621's special-election procedure. It noted R.S. 18:469 for the reopened qualifying period and R.S. 13:2582(E) and R.S. 42:39.2 for the appointee's candidate restriction. The specific 2000–01 election dates in the original text were historical.

Citations and references

• R.S. 13:2581 and R.S. 42:2 (holdover service)
• Article 5, Section 22(B) of the Louisiana Constitution (judicial vacancy)
• R.S. 18:621 (special-election procedure)
• R.S. 13:2582(E) (appointee's candidacy restriction)

Source

• Landing page: https://www.ag.state.la.us/Opinions
• Original PDF: https://www.ag.state.la.us/Opinion/Download/00-0362

Original opinion text

October 24, 2000
OPINION NUMBER 2000-362

Merietta Spencer Norton
Where a vacancy is created in the office of justice of
the peace and more than 12 months remain in the
General Counsel
term, the present justice of the peace holds-over in
Secretary of State’s Office
office until the supreme court makes an
appointment; the appointee serves until the vacancy
P. O. Box 94125
is filled; and if no one qualifies for the first special
Baton Rouge, LA 70804-9125
election called by the governor, a second special
election should be called to fill the vacancy.

Dear Ms. Norton:

We are in receipt of your request for an Attorney General’s Opinion regarding a vacancy in the office of Justice of the Peace. You state that no candidates qualified for the office of Justice of the Peace during the qualifying period held in August, 2000 for the special election called for the October primary and
November general election dates.
Thereafter, the qualifying period was
reopened pursuant to R.S. 18:469 for August 23, 2000 through August 25, 2000 and again, no candidates qualified for the office. Thus, you seek our opinion on the following question:

Which option would be the proper procedure to follow when no candidates qualify for a special election:

1. Treat the position as a vacancy and have another special election called; or
2. Let the appointee remain in office pursuant to La. R.S. 42:2 until the expiration of the term.

Additional facts provided to our office indicate that the Justice of the Peace term in question expires on December 31, 2002; consequently, more than one year remains in the term of office.

Justices of the peace are elected in accordance with law. R.S. 13:2581 provides, “Justices of the peace shall enter upon the discharge of their duties as soon as they have been commissioned and taken the oath required by the Constitution, and shall remain in office until their successors have been elected and qualified.” (Emphasis added). In the Opinion of the Attorney General, 1916-18, p. 586, where there was no justice of the peace elected, the old justice of the peace would continue to discharge his duties until his successor was inducted. This “hold-over” provision is consistent with that of R.S. 42:2, which provides for public officials to remain in office until their successors are inducted into office.

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Marietta Spencer Norton
OPINION NUMBER 00-362
Page - 2 -

With regard to filling the vacancy, justices of the peace courts are Article 5 courts
[Art. 5, Sec. 20 of the 1974 LA Constitution provides for the continuation of the justice of the peace courts]. As such, the constitution provides in Art. 5, Section 22(B) for a vacancy in the office of a judge, as follows:

(B). Vacancy. A newly-created judgeship or a vacancy in the office of a judge shall be filled by special election called by the governor and held within twelve months after the day on which the vacancy occurs or the judgeship is established, except when the vacancy occurs in the last twelve months of an existing term. Until the vacancy is filled, the supreme court shall appoint a person meeting the qualifications for the office, other than domicile, to serve at its pleasure. The appointee shall be ineligible as a candidate at the election to fill the vacancy or the newly-created judicial office. No person serving as an appointed judge, other than a retired judge, shall be eligible for retirement benefits provided for the elected judiciary.

Likewise, R.S. 13:2582(E) prohibits any person appointed to fill a vacancy in the office of justice of the peace under this constitutional provision from being eligible as a candidate at the election to fill the vacancy. This prohibition is also found in R.S. 42:39.2.

The Election Code, R.S. 18:621, provides the specific procedure for filling a vacancy in the office of judge. For the matter at hand, the governor is required to call a special election due to the fact that more than 12 months remain unexpired in the term of this office. The governor is required to first choose a gubernatorial or congressional election date, if available within 12 months of the vacancy. It is our understanding in the matter at hand that the Governor did choose this congressional election [October primary and November general, 2000] for the special election, but no one qualified for the election. Therefore, in calling another special election it is our opinion that the Governor’s limited to the Municipal primary on April 7, 2001 and Municipal general on May 5, 2001 to call another special election, with qualifying February 14-16, 2001.

Furthermore, it is our opinion that the present justice of the peace is required by law to remain in office and perform the duties of the office until (1) an appointment is made by the supreme court, or (2) the successor is elected and qualified, whichever occurs first.

In sum and in direct response to your question, we are of the opinion that the proper procedure to follow when no candidates qualify for a special election, such as the one at hand, is to continue to treat the position as a vacancy, where

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Marietta Spencer Norton
OPINION NUMBER 00-362
Page - 3 -

the governor issues another special election call within the guidelines of the law. Further, when an appointment is made, the appointee continues to serve until the vacancy is filled. LSA-Const. Art. 5, Sec. 22(B). However, until an appointment is made by the supreme court, under R.S. 13:2581 and 42:2, the present justice of the peace holds-over in office.

We hope that this opinion fully addresses all of your concerns. If we can be of further assistance, please advise.

Yours very truly,

RICHARD P. IEYOUB
ATTORNEY GENERAL

ANGIE ROGERS LAPLACE
Assistant Attorney General

RPI/ARL;mjb

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Marietta Spencer Norton
OPINION NUMBER 00-362
Page - 4 -

OPINION NUMBER 00-362
SYLLABUS

Where a vacancy is created in the office of justice of the peace and more than 12 months remain in the term, the present justice of the peace holds- over in office until the supreme court makes an appointment; the appointee serves until the vacancy is filled; and if no one qualifies for the first special election called by the governor, a second special election should be called to fill the vacancy.

Merietta Spencer Norton
General Counsel
Secretary of State’s Office
P. O. Box 94125
Baton Rouge, LA 70804-9125

Date Received:
Date Released: October 24, 2000

ANGIE ROGERS LAPLACE
Assistant Attorney General