If an electronic deed was notarized out of state, who has to certify the paper copy filed with a Kansas register of deeds?

Plain-English summary

An Anderson County counselor asked about a document that came in electronically signed by two out-of-state grantors and notarized by an out-of-state notary, none of it original. A different notary, one authorized to act in Kansas, then certified that a printed copy of that electronic record was accurate, and the county wanted to know whether the register of deeds could accept that printed copy as satisfying a requirement that the filed record be an "original."

The Attorney General's answer turned on close reading of K.S.A. 53-5a21(c), the statute that lets a register of deeds treat a printed copy of an electronic record as an original if "the notarial officer executing the notarial certificate" certifies the copy is accurate. The opinion concluded that the statute's repeated use of "the notarial officer" and "the notarial certificate" ties the certifying duty to the specific notary who executed the original electronic notarization, not to any notary who happens to be reviewing the paper printout later. Because K.S.A. 53-5a11 gives an out-of-state notary's acts the same legal effect in Kansas as a Kansas notary's acts, that original out-of-state notary is fully capable of doing the certifying, but a substitute notary who was never part of the original electronic signing is not.

What this means for you

Registers of deeds: the opinion holds that a printed copy of an electronically notarized record can only satisfy an originality requirement under K.S.A. 53-5a21(c) if the certification of accuracy comes from the same notarial officer, in-state or out-of-state, who executed the original notarial certificate.

Notaries and closing agents handling electronic, multi-state real estate transactions: the opinion confirms an out-of-state notary's electronic certification carries the same weight as a Kansas notary's under K.S.A. 53-5a11, but that notary (not a substitute) needs to be the one who signs off on the printed copy if the filing needs to be treated as an original.

Common questions

Can a Kansas notary certify a paper copy of an electronic deed that a different, out-of-state notary originally signed?
Not for purposes of satisfying an originality requirement under K.S.A. 53-5a21(c), according to the opinion. Only the notarial officer who executed the original notarial certificate in the electronic record can make that certification.

Does an out-of-state notary's electronic signature count in Kansas at all?
Yes. The opinion explains that K.S.A. 53-5a11 gives a notarial act performed in another state by someone authorized to do notarial acts there the same legal effect as if a Kansas notarial officer had performed it.

What if there's no requirement that the filed record be an "original"?
The opinion notes that K.S.A. 53-5a21(c) only comes into play when there is a requirement that the recorded document be an original; if no such requirement applies, a notarial officer can otherwise certify a tangible copy as accurate under the general authority in K.S.A. 53-5a04(b).

Background and statutory framework

Kansas's Revised Uniform Law on Notarial Acts addresses how electronic records, and printed copies of them, can be notarized and later filed with government offices such as a register of deeds. K.S.A. 53-5a11 recognizes notarial acts performed in other states by people authorized to perform them there, giving those acts the same legal effect as if performed by a Kansas notarial officer, and making the out-of-state notary's signature and title prima facie evidence of authenticity.

K.S.A. 53-5a21(c) addresses a narrower situation: when someone wants to file a printed, tangible copy of an electronic record that itself contains a notarial certificate, and a requirement exists that the filed record be an original. In that situation, the register of deeds may treat the tangible copy as satisfying the originality requirement only if "the notarial officer executing the notarial certificate" certifies the tangible copy as an accurate copy of the electronic record. The opinion read the double use of "the notarial officer" and "the notarial certificate" as pointing to the same, singular notary from the original electronic signing, applying ordinary statutory interpretation principles that start with the statute's plain text.

Citations and references

Statutes:
- K.S.A. 53-5a04 (incl. (b))
- K.S.A. 53-5a11
- K.S.A. 53-5a12, 53-5a13, 53-5a14
- K.S.A. 53-5a21 (incl. (c))

Cases:
- Midwest Crane & Rigging, LLC v. Kan. Corp. Comm., 306 Kan. 845, 397 P.3d 1205 (2017)
- Nauheim v. City of Topeka, 309 Kan. 145, 432 P.3d 647 (2019)

Source

• Landing page: https://www.ag.ks.gov/reports-resources/ag-opinions
• Original PDF: https://www.ag.ks.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/24610/638899177859970000

Original opinion text

July 30, 2025

ATTORNEY GENERAL OPINION NO. 2025-16

Mr. James R. Campbell
Anderson County Counselor
511 Neosho St.
Burlington, KS 66839

Re: Notaries Public and Commissioners—Revised Uniform Law on
Notarial Acts—Authority to Perform Notarial Acts

        Notaries Public and Commissioners—Revised Uniform Law on
        Notarial Acts—Notarial Act in Another State

        Notaries Public and Commissioners—Revised Uniform Law on
        Notarial Acts—Acceptance of Tangible Copy of Electronic Record

Synopsis: K.S.A. 53-5a21 requires the notarial officer who executed the notarial
certificate within an electronic record be the one who certifies the
tangible copy of such record as accurate in order to satisfy any
originality requirement by the register of deeds. K.S.A. 53-5a11 allows
a notarial act performed in another state by someone authorized to
perform notarial acts to have the same effect in Kansas as when a
Kansas notarial officer performs a notarial act. When the original
certification in the electronic record is performed by an out-of-state
notarial officer, K.S.A. 53-5a11 and 5a21 together mean this notarial
officer must be the one to certify the accuracy of the tangible copy to
receive the benefit of K.S.A. 53-5a21. Cited herein: K.S.A. 53-5a04;
K.S.A. 53-5a11; K.S.A. 53-5a21.

                        *           *            *

Dear Mr. Campbell:

As the Anderson County Counselor, you ask what the requirements are for the
filing of an electronic document with a register of deeds under K.S.A. 53-5a11 and
K.S.A. 53-5a21. The crux of your question is whether a tangible copy of an electronic
record signed and witnessed out of state may be accepted by the register of deeds as
an original if the notarial officer who certifies the tangible copy is an accurate copy
is not the notarial officer or officers who certified the electronic signatures of the
document. Your question raises the issue of a document electronically signed by two
out-of-state granters. None of the signatures, including the notaries, were original.
A Kansas notarial officer, who did not witness the electronic signatures, certified
the accuracy of the document to the register of deeds.

As explained below, we conclude that when someone files a tangible copy of a
notarized electronic record with a register of deeds to satisfy any requirement that
the record accepted be an original, the notarial officer who executed the notarial
certificate in that electronic record must be the one to certify the tangible copy's
accuracy.

Analysis of this issue requires statutory interpretation. Statutory interpretation
begins with the statute's text, giving words their ordinary, everyday meanings.1
Only when the language is ambiguous are canons of statutory construction,
legislative history, or other background information employed to discern the
statute's meaning.2

Notarial acts performed in another state are controlled by K.S.A. 53-5a11:

   (a) A notarial act performed in another state has the same effect under
   the law of this state as if performed by a notarial officer of this state if
   the act performed in that state is performed by:
           (1) A notary public of that state;
           (2) a judge, clerk or deputy clerk of a court of that state; or
           (3) any other individual authorized by the laws of that state to
           perform the notarial act.
   (b) The signature and title of an individual performing a notarial act in
   another state are prima facie evidence that the signature is genuine
   and that the individual holds the designated title.
   (c) The signature and title of a notarial officer described in subsection
   (a)(1) or (a)(2) conclusively establish the authority of the officer to
   perform the notarial act.

1 Midwest Crane & Rigging, LLC v. Kan. Corp. Comm., 306 Kan. 845, 850, 397 P.3d 1205 (2017).
2 Nauheim v. City of Topeka, 309 Kan. 145, 149-50, 432 P.3d 647 (2019).

More simply, a notarial act performed in another state, by an individual authorized
to do so in that state, is treated the same as if a Kansas notarial officer performed
the act.3 When combined with K.S.A. 53-5a04(b), K.S.A. 53-5a11 authorizes a
notarial officer in another state to certify the accuracy of a tangible copy of an
electronic record.

K.S.A. 53-5a21(c) controls the specific question you ask here:

   A register of deeds may accept for recording a tangible copy of an
   electronic record containing a notarial certificate as satisfying any
   requirement that a record accepted for recording be an original, if the
   notarial officer executing the notarial certificate certifies that the
   tangible copy is an accurate copy of the electronic record.

While a notarial officer may certify a tangible copy of an electronic record as an
accurate copy of that electronic record generally,4 only K.S.A. 53-5a21(c) speaks to
the requirements for certifying that a tangible copy of an electronic record recorded
by a register of deeds is an accurate copy of the original.

K.S.A. 53-5a21(c) states that a register of deeds may accept "a tangible copy of an
electronic record containing a notarial certificate" as satisfying the requirements for
the recording to be an original. The provision then goes on to condition this
acceptance on "the notarial officer executing the notarial certificate" certifying that
the tangible copy is an accurate copy of the electronic record.5 By the plain language
of the statute, the "notarial certificate" referenced twice by K.S.A. 53-5a21(c) is the
same notarial certificate. Thus, the notarial officer who executed the notarial
certificate for the original electronic record must be the notarial officer to certify the
tangible copy is accurate. A later, different notarial officer who did not execute the
notarial certificate in the electronic original cannot certify the copy as accurate to
satisfy any requirement that a record be original.

This is further reinforced by the use of the word "the" immediately prior to both
"notarial officer" and "notarial certificate" in the latter part of the statute. Such
specific, singular language indicates that the notarial officer who executed the
certificate in the electronic record is the notarial officer required to certify that a
tangible copy of that record is accurate in order for that tangible copy to be accepted
by the register of deeds as satisfying any requirement that the record be original.

3 Although we do not reach an opinion here, for notarial acts performed in jurisdictions that are not

other states, controlled by K.S.A. 53-5a12, 5a13, or 5a14, the analysis would likely be the same or
similar.
4 K.S.A. 53-5a04(b).
5 K.S.A. 53-5a21(c).

This does not limit the ability of notarial officers to certify tangible copies of an
electronic record. K.S.A. 53-5a04(b) allows a notarial officer to certify that a
tangible copy of an electronic record is accurate. K.S.A. 53-5a21(c) only limits who
may certify that a tangible copy of an electronic record filed with a register of deeds
is an accurate copy of the original to satisfy an originality requirement. If there is
no requirement that a tangible copy of an electronic record be original, then K.S.A.
53-5a21(c) would not apply. K.S.A. 53-5a21(c) only supplies an alternative method
to satisfy a requirement that a record be an original for a register of deeds to record
it.

In conclusion, K.S.A. 53-5a21(c) applies only under specific conditions. The
document that a person seeks to submit to a register of deeds must be a tangible
copy of an electronic record that contains a notarial certificate. To satisfy the
originality requirement, that tangible copy must be certified as accurate by the
notarial officer who executed the notarial certificate in the electronic record. When
that first certificate was executed by a notarial officer in another state, he has the
authority to certify the tangible copy as accurate under K.S.A. 53-5a11. Therefore,
when an electronic record contains notarial certificates from out-of-state notarial
officers, those notarial officers must be the ones who certify the tangible copy is
accurate under K.S.A. 53-5a21(c).

                                    Sincerely,


                                    /s/ Kris W. Kobach

                                    Kris W. Kobach
                                    Attorney General

                                    /s/ Ryan J. Ott

                                    Ryan J. Ott
                                    Assistant Solicitor General