Which Idaho Department of Correction employees qualify for Rule of 80 retirement under PERSI, and what happens to accrued benefits if a position is reclassified out of police officer member status?
Subject
Which IDOC employees working inside Idaho prisons qualify for police officer member status under the Public Employee Retirement System of Idaho ("PERSI"), and therefore for Rule of 80 retirement, and what happens to retirement benefits if a position is reclassified.
Currency note
This opinion was issued in 2017. Subsequent statutory amendments, court decisions, or later AG opinions may have changed the analysis. Treat this page as historical context, not current legal advice. Verify current law before relying on any specific rule, deadline, or remedy mentioned here.
Plain-English summary
PERSI uses a benefit formula that treats "police officer members" more generously than ordinary state employees. The most visible difference is the Rule of 80: a police officer member can retire with full benefits when age plus years of service equals 80 (a threshold ordinary members cannot use). The classification matters because it can mean retiring years earlier on a larger benefit.
The 2017 question asked which employees of the Idaho Department of Correction working inside prisons actually qualify, and what happens if the position is later changed. Three agencies (Division of Human Resources, IDOC, and PERSI) jointly raised the issue.
AG Wasden concluded that Idaho Code § 59-1303(3)(e) draws a hard line. Inside a prison:
- Wardens qualify under subsection (e)(i).
- POST-certified correctional officers qualify under subsection (e)(ii) because they are "accountable for the custody, safety, safekeeping or supervision of persons confined in a department confinement facility."
- Other IDOC employees inside the prison (personnel, accounting, data processing, clerical, and other roles also found across state government) do not qualify under (e)(v).
The reasoning leaned on a 2005 amendment to Idaho Code § 19-5109 that gave Idaho POST authority to set training and certification standards for state correctional officers. POST then promulgated IDAPA 11.11.04, which defined "Correction Officer" as someone responsible for "first-line supervision, security, protection, and risk reduction of offenders." Reading the PERSI statute together with the POST rule, the AG found that the duties identified in § 59-1303(3)(e)(ii) and the duties identified in IDAPA 11.11.04.010.04 are essentially the same set of duties, and only POST-certified (or pre-2005 grandfathered) correctional officers are authorized to perform them.
The opinion also recognized a narrow temporary exception: under Idaho Code §§ 19-510A and 20-209C, certain IDOC employees may exercise peace officer authority when they are designated by the Board of Correction and engaging in transporting prisoners or apprehending escapees. In practice, those tasks are performed by correctional officers (already qualifying) or probation and parole officers (who fall under POST rules separately).
On reclassification, Idaho Code § 59-1303(7) protected employees in two ways. First, accrued benefits earned as a police officer member could not be taken away when the position was reclassified. Second, if the employee continued working in that same position until retirement, the employee was deemed a police officer member for purposes of retirement eligibility, meaning Rule of 80 status applied to the final benefit calculation. Moving to a different position would forfeit Rule of 80 status for benefits accrued going forward.
The AG closed by recommending that the three involved agencies promptly review IDOC general-classification employees who had been treated as police officer members, to confirm each one met the (e)(ii) and (4)(a)-(c) criteria. The opinion was a signal that some employees might have been over-classified historically.
Common questions
Q: What is "Rule of 80" in PERSI?
It is the early-retirement formula available to police officer members. When the member's age plus years of credited service equals 80, the member can retire with full benefits. Ordinary "general member" employees cannot use that formula.
Q: Did this opinion strip Rule of 80 status from IDOC clerical and accounting staff?
The opinion concluded those employees were not entitled to police officer member status as a matter of law, but it also flagged § 59-1303(7), which preserves accrued benefits and lets an employee who stays in the same reclassified position keep Rule of 80 eligibility through retirement. So the practical impact for any individual depended on whether the agencies acted on the opinion's recommendation to review classifications, and whether an employee then stayed in that same position until retirement.
Q: What about IDOC probation and parole officers?
Probation and parole officers are not addressed by § 59-1303(3)(e)(ii) (which is about employees inside a confinement facility), but they fall under POST rules separately. The opinion focused on prison employees and did not resolve the probation and parole question.
Q: Were correctional officers hired before July 1, 2005 covered?
Yes. POST rules at IDAPA 11.11.04.052.02 grandfathered pre-2005 correctional officers, who could be voluntarily certified but were not required to be. The AG read the statute and rule together to cover both groups.
Background and statutory framework
PERSI's police officer category traces to 1985 Senate Bill 1161 ("redefine police officers as they relate to the Public Employee Retirement System"). Legislative testimony reflected a deliberate intent to limit the police officer category to employees engaged in hazardous duties, and to remove employees who did not belong in that category. The relevant subsections, codified initially as Idaho Code § 59-1302A and renumbered to § 59-1303 in 1990, have remained substantively unchanged.
Three structural elements drive the analysis:
- Section 59-1303(2) says police officer membership status may be fixed only by law or by order of the PERSI Retirement Board.
- Section 59-1303(3)(e) lists the categories of IDOC employees eligible by law (director, deputy director for probation and parole, wardens, employees accountable for custody/safety inside a confinement facility) and excludes employees in general state-government classifications.
- Section 59-1303(4) lets the Retirement Board designate other employees whose principal duties involve "hazardous law enforcement duties," but that section does not control IDOC prison employees, whose status is fixed by law.
The 2005 grant of POST authority over state correctional officer training (Idaho Code § 19-5109) and the resulting POST rules in IDAPA 11.11.04 supplied the matching definition of who actually performs the active law enforcement service contemplated by the PERSI statute.
Citations
Idaho Code:
- § 19-510A; § 19-5109; § 20-209C
- § 59-1302A
- § 59-1303; § 59-1303(2); § 59-1303(3)(e); § 59-1303(3)(e)(i); § 59-1303(3)(e)(ii); § 59-1303(3)(e)(v); § 59-1303(4); § 59-1303(4)(a); § 59-1303(4)(b); § 59-1303(4)(c); § 59-1303(7)
Session Laws:
- 1985 Idaho Sess. Laws 164
- 1990 Idaho Sess. Laws 611
- 2005 Idaho Sess. Laws 417
Administrative Code:
- IDAPA 11.11.04
- IDAPA 11.11.04.010.04
- IDAPA 11.11.04.052.01
- IDAPA 11.11.04.052.02
Source
- Landing page: https://www.ag.idaho.gov/office-resources/opinions/
- Original PDF: https://ag.idaho.gov/content/uploads/2018/04/Opinion17-1.pdf
Original opinion text
STATE OF IDAHO
OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
LAWRENCE G. WASDEN
ATTORNEY GENERAL OPINION NO. 17-01
TO:
Susan E. Buxton, Administrator
Idaho Division of Human Resources
VIA STATEHOUSE MAIL
Henry Atencio, Director
Idaho Department of Correction
VIA STATEHOUSE MAIL
Don Drum, Executive Director
Idaho Public Employee Retirement System
VIA STATEHOUSE MAIL
The following questions dealing with employees of the Idaho Department of
Correction who qualify for police officer member status for purposes of the Idaho
Public Employee Retirement System (PERSI) have been posed to this office.
QUESTIONS PRESENTED
1.
For purposes of PERSI, what IDOC employees working inside
a prison are eligible for police officer member status pursuant
to Idaho Code § 59-1303(3)(e)(ii), and thus for Rule of 80
status?
2.
If some IDOC employees are reclassified to a position not
eligible for police officer member status, what impact would
this have on their accrued retirement benefits and their retired
benefits going forward?
CONCLUSIONS
1.
Idaho Code § 59-1303 must be read in such a manner as to
effectuate all subsections and make the entire provision internally consistent.
When this is done, and when this statute is read in conjunction with other relevant
statutes and rules, it is clear that, of IDOC employees who work in prisons, only
wardens and correctional officers are eligible by law for police officer member
status, and thus for Rule of 80 status. Other IDOC employees who work within
prisons, but who fall within like general classifications found throughout state
government, are not within the scope of active law enforcement, and are not
eligible for police officer member status or Rule of 80 status.
2.
An employee currently occupying a police officer member position
with Rule of 80 status, whose position is reclassified to that of a general member
which does not give rise to Rule of 80 status, retains the benefits he or she has
already accrued. As long as the employee remains in that same position, he or
she will continue to be deemed to be a police officer member and retain Rule of 80
status for retirement purposes. If the employee moves to a different position, he
or she will no longer be deemed to be a police officer member and will lose Rule
of 80 status for purposes of accruing future benefits.
ANALYSIS
I.
CLASSIFICATION OF IDOC EMPLOYEES FOR PERSI PURPOSES
A.
Legislative History of Idaho Code § 59-1303
In 1985, important changes were made to the relevant PERSI statutes by
enactment of Senate Bill No. 1161 (SB 1161), as amended (formerly SB 1107).
1985 Idaho Sess. Laws 164. The stated purpose of SB 1161 was to "redefine
police officers as they relate to the Public Employee Retirement System."
Testimony in support of the bill was presented to the State Affairs Committee by
Bob Venn, then-director of PERSI. He explained to the committee that police
officers are engaged in hazardous duties, and that the purpose of the bill was to
include additional definitions for police officer member status. When the committee
expressed concern that employees who were not in hazardous duties might be
included in the police officer category, Senator Batt stated that it was the bill's
objective to remove employees who did not belong in the police officer member
category.
SB 1161 included a new section, Idaho Code § 59-1302A, which among
other things, dealt with the retirement status of employees of the Idaho Department
of Correction ("IDOC"). 1985 Idaho Sess. Laws 164. In 1990, this section was
redesignated as Idaho Code § 59-1303. 1990 Idaho Sess. Laws 611. Subsections
(2) and (3)(e) of the current Idaho Code § 59-1303 are identical to the same
subsections enacted in 1985 as part of SB 1161's new § 59-1302A, and subsection
(4) is nearly identical to its 1985 version. These subsections contain three
provisions that are relevant to this analysis.
First, Idaho Code § 59-1303(2) provides that police officer membership
status for retirement purposes may be fixed only by law or by order of the
Retirement Board.
Second, Idaho Code § 59-1303(3)(e)(v) clarifies that "[e]mployees of the
department of correction serving in positions of personnel management,
accounting, data processing, clerical services and in like general classifications
found in departments throughout the state government and not within the scope of
active law enforcement service are not eligible for police officer member status."
Third, Idaho Code § 59-1303(4)(a) authorizes the Retirement Board to
designate an employee as a police officer member for retirement purposes when
the position held is one in which the principal duties involve "hazardous law
enforcement duties." Idaho Code § 59-1303(4)(a) defined "hazardous law
enforcement duties" as "principal duties" which include a probability of early
superannuation, are associated with life-threatening risk, involve compelling others
to observe the law or pertain to preventing and reducing crime.
B.
PERSI Police Officer Member Status as Fixed by Law
Idaho Code § 59-1303(3)(e) sets forth the categories of IDOC employees
who are eligible for police officer member status in PERSI. For purposes of this
discussion, these include in subsection (e)(i), the IDOC's director, the deputy
director for probation and parole, and prison wardens. Subsection (e)(ii) describes
those employees who work inside prisons, other than wardens, who are eligible
for peace officer member status as:
(ii) Employees of the department of correction accountable for the
custody, safety, safekeeping or supervision of persons confined in a
department confinement facility and whose work station is located
within the confinement facility.
(Emphasis added). Subsection (e)(v) describes those IDOC employees not
eligible for police officer member status as:
(v) Employees of the department of correction serving in positions
of personnel management, accounting, data processing, clerical
services and in like general classifications found in departments
throughout state government and not within the scope of active law
enforcement service are not eligible for police officer member status.
(Emphasis added).
The key determination as to whether an IDOC prison employee is eligible
for police officer member status is, then, whether the employee is (1) accountable
for the custody, supervision and safety of prisoners, or (2) in a classification found
elsewhere in state government and is not within the scope of active law
enforcement service. In making this determination, the statutes and rules
governing the Idaho Peace Officers Standards and Training Council (POST) are
relevant.
In 2005, the Idaho legislature amended Idaho Code § 19-5109 to authorize
Idaho POST to establish minimum basic training and certification standards for
state correctional and probation and parole offices. 2005 Idaho Sess. Laws 417.
In 2006, POST promulgated IDAPA 11.11.04, Rules for Correction, Adult
Probation and Parole Officers. IDAPA 11.11.04.010.04 defines "Correction
Officer" as any employee of an IDOC facility or private prison contractor "who is
responsible for the first-line supervision, security, protection, and risk reduction of
offenders housed in the correction facility." IDAPA 11.11.04.052.01 provides that
every correctional officer employed after July 1, 2005 must be certified by Idaho
POST within one year after being appointed as a correctional officer, unless POST
grants additional time to complete certification. IDAPA 11.11.04.052.02 further
provides that correctional officers employed prior to July 1, 2005, may be
voluntarily certified by Idaho POST, although certification is not required for these
officers.
The language used to describe the duties of a certified or grandfathered
correctional officer in POST's administrative rules is very similar to that used to
describe those IDOC employees working within a prison who are eligible for police
officer status under Idaho Code § 59-1303(3)(e)(ii). Pursuant to POST rules, only
those persons certified by Idaho POST as correctional officers, or employed by
IDOC for less than one year as correctional officers, or grandfathered in under
IDAPA 11.11.04.052.02, may engage in the "first-line supervision, security,
protection and risk reduction of offenders" as defined in IDAPA 11.11.04.010.04.
Pursuant to Idaho Code 59-1303(3)(e)(ii), only those employees working within a
prison who are "accountable for the custody, safety, safekeeping or supervision of
persons confined in a department confinement facility" are eligible for police officer
member status in PERSI. Both the rule and the statute refer to the same duties: the
supervision of inmates and the maintenance of safety and security in a
correctional facility. Only correctional officers are authorized to perform these
duties. There is no state-wide classification for correctional officers, and only
correctional officers are within the scope of "active law enforcement service."*
C.
PERSI Police Officer Member Status as Fixed by the Retirement Board
Police officer member status in PERSI may also be fixed by the Retirement
Board. Relevant to this discussion, Idaho Code § 59-1303(4) provides that a
member may be designated by the Board as a police officer member if the position
held is "one in which the principal duties involve hazardous law enforcement
*A limited and temporary exception to this rule exists. Pursuant to Idaho Code §§ 19-510A
and 20-209C, IDOC employees may exercise peace officer authority when they are designated by
the Board of Correction and engaging in the transportation of prisoners, the apprehension of
prisoners who have escaped or the apprehension and arrest of persons suspected of violating the
terms and conditions of their probation or parole. It is our understanding that in practice, these
functions are exercised by correctional officers (transporting prisoners, apprehending escapees) or
probation and parole officers (apprehending and arresting probation or parole violators), all of
whom are subject to POST rules regarding certification.
duties." As noted earlier, subsection (4)(a) defines "hazardous law enforcement
duties" as principal duties which are reasonably expected to increase the
probability of early superannuation, or are associated with life-threatening risk, or
involve compelling others to observe the law, or pertain to crime prevention or
reduction. Subsection (4)(b) provides that where POST certification is required for
continued employment, it shall be considered as evidence that the employee is a
police officer member. Subsection (4)(c) states that occasional assignments to
hazardous law enforcement duties do not create a condition for designation as a
police officer member.
Idaho Code § 59-1303(4) is not controlling for IDOC prison employees,
whose status is fixed by law. However, it reinforces the conclusion that Rule of 80
status was not intended to be conferred on all IDOC employees working within a
prison, but rather to limit that status to those employees engaged in active and
hazardous law enforcement duties on a regular, rather than an occasional, basis.
These are the type of duties in which only correctional officers are authorized by
law to engage.
II.
IMPACT OF CHANGE IN CLASSIFICATION STATUS
Idaho Code § 59-1303(7) deals with the situation in which a position is
reclassified from one that makes the employee eligible for police officer member
status to one that makes the employee eligible only for general member status for
retirement purposes:
(7) An active member classified as a police officer for retirement
purposes whose position is reclassified to that of a general member
for retirement purposes as a result of a determination that the
position does not meet the requirements of this chapter for police
officer status for retirement purposes shall become a general
member but shall not lose retirement benefits earned and accrued
prior to the reclassification. If that member continues to be employed
in that same position until retired, that member then will be deemed
to be a police officer member for the purposes of retirement eligibility.
Pursuant to this subsection, an employee in a reclassified position retains
the retirement benefits accrued as a police officer member. If the same employee
continues to be employed in the same position until retirement, then the employee
is deemed a police officer member for purposes of retirement eligibility. In other
words, the employee retains what benefits have already accrued, and is eligible
for Rule of 80 status if he or she remains in the same position until retirement.
CONCLUSION
Employees in IDOC positions that are also found in other general
classifications in other departments throughout state government are not entitled
to Rule of 80 status because they are employees of the IDOC, their work station
is located within a correctional facility and they have regular interaction with
inmates. Instead, among those IDOC employees working inside prisons, only
wardens and correctional officers are entitled to that status.
An employee currently occupying a position with Rule of 80 status, whose
position is reclassified to one that does not give rise to Rule of 80 status, does not
lose the benefits he or she has already accrued. So long as the employee remains
in that position until he or she retires, the employee will remain eligible for Rule of
80 status for retirement purposes.
This analysis is limited to IDOC employees. The involved agencies should
commence an immediate review of the classifications of all general category IDOC
employees to assure that they meet the necessary criteria for Rule of 80 eligibility.
Any such review should include a detailed analysis of relevant job functions in light
of the criteria set forth in Idaho Code section 59-1303(3)(e)(ii), (e)(v), and (4)(a)-(c).
We encourage the three directors to meet as quickly as possible to develop a
plan for such a review.
AUTHORITIES CONSIDERED
1.
Idaho Code:
§ 19-510A.
§ 19-5109.
§ 20-209C.
§ 59-1302A.
§ 59-1303.
§ 59-1303(2).
§ 59-1303(3)(e).
§ 59-1303(3)(e)(i).
§ 59-1303(3)(e)(ii).
§ 59-1303(3)(e)(v).
§ 59-1303(4).
§ 59-1303(4)(a).
§ 59-1303(4)(b).
§ 59-1303(4)(c).
§ 59-1303(7).
2.
Idaho Session Laws
1985 Idaho Sess. Laws 164.
1990 Idaho Sess. Laws 611.
2005 Idaho Sess. Laws 417.
3.
Idaho Administrative Code
IDAPA 11.11.04.
IDAPA 11.11.04.010.04.
IDAPA 11.11.04.052.01.
IDAPA 11.11.04.052.02.
Dated this 16th day of October, 2017.
LAWRENCE G. WASDEN
Attorney General
Analysis by:
S. KAY CHRISTENSEN
Deputy Attorney General
PAUL R. PANTHER
Deputy Attorney General
BRENDA M. BAUGES
Deputy Attorney General