If a retired Arizona police officer goes back to work in another public job, does receiving their PSPRS pension count as 'participating' in PSPRS, exempting them from joining ASRS?

Plain-English summary

The Arizona Game and Fish Department hired a retired City of Glendale police officer as a Law Enforcement Specialist. The officer was receiving a Public Safety Personnel Retirement System (PSPRS) pension and continued to receive it during the new employment under A.R.S. § 38-849(H), which permits PSPRS retirees to work for a different employer without losing pension benefits. Game and Fish Director Voyles asked whether the officer also had to join the Arizona State Retirement System (ASRS), or whether receiving PSPRS payments counted as "participating" in PSPRS so as to exempt the officer from ASRS membership under A.R.S. § 38-727(A)(1)(c).

AG Horne concluded the officer must join ASRS. The ASRS exemption applies to employees who "participate" in PSPRS or three other listed retirement systems. Neither the ASRS nor the PSPRS statute defines "participate," but the Arizona State Retirement System has consistently interpreted it to mean actively contributing and earning credited service. A retiree who is drawing a pension is not contributing or earning credit; the retiree's PSPRS account is in payout status. The agency's longstanding interpretation is entitled to deference under Police Pension Bd. v. Warren and Eastern Vanguard Forex, and the AG concluded it was reasonable.

Two structural points reinforce the conclusion. First, A.R.S. § 38-849(H) explicitly says that during the reemployment, "employee contributions shall not be made on the retired member's account, and any service shall not be credited." So as a matter of statutory text, the retiree is not contributing or accruing credit. Second, the legislature added the Alternate Contribution Rate (ACR) in 2011, which requires the new employer to remit a separate contribution to the appropriate retirement system on behalf of any retiree it hires. The ACR is paid to mitigate the actuarial impact of return-to-work retirees, but it does not give the retiree any additional benefit or credit. The ACR payment does not turn the retiree into a "participant" in either system.

The opinion also pointed to a 2001 AG opinion (I01-018) reaching the same conclusion in the parallel context of a Corrections Officer Retirement Plan retiree returning to work in a CORP-designated position.

Currency note

This opinion was issued in 2014. Subsequent statutory amendments, court decisions, or later AG opinions may have changed the analysis. Treat this page as historical context, not current legal advice. Verify current law before relying on any specific rule, deadline, or remedy mentioned here. Notably, A.R.S. § 38-727 was amended in 2014 to remove the Section 218 Agreement requirement for ASRS membership; verify current ASRS eligibility rules.

Background and statutory framework

Arizona has multiple public retirement systems. ASRS covers most state and political-subdivision employees who are not in a specialized system. PSPRS covers police officers, firefighters, and certain other public-safety personnel. The Corrections Officer Retirement Plan (CORP) covers state and county corrections officers. The Elected Officials' Retirement Plan covers state-level elected officials.

A common scenario in Arizona is a public-safety retiree who wants to keep working in a non-PSPRS public job (e.g., a retired police officer hired by a state agency for a non-sworn role). The retiree wants to keep their PSPRS pension and not be required to start contributing to a different retirement system. The Legislature in 2001 created the cross-system exemption that gave retirees this option, but the language ("eligible to participate and who participates") was ambiguous about whether retirees counted as participants. The 2014 opinion clarified that they do not.

The ACR system is the policy lever the Legislature uses to address the actuarial impact of return-to-work hiring. When PSPRS retirees go back to work in PSPRS-designated positions for a different PSPRS employer, the new employer pays the ACR to PSPRS. When a PSPRS retiree goes back to work in a non-PSPRS, ASRS-eligible position, the new employer pays the ACR to PSPRS but the retiree also has to join ASRS (per this opinion) and contribute there. The retiree ends up with two future benefit streams.

Common questions

Q: I retired from PSPRS at age 50. If I take a job with a school district, do I have to join ASRS?
A: Yes, if the school district position meets ASRS membership requirements (essentially full-time enough employment). You will continue to receive your PSPRS pension and will also begin to accrue ASRS credit.

Q: Will joining ASRS reduce my PSPRS pension?
A: No. PSPRS pension benefits are governed by your retirement at the prior employer. Your new ASRS contributions and accruals are a separate stream.

Q: What is the Alternate Contribution Rate?
A: A percentage that the new employer pays to the retiree's old retirement system to address actuarial costs of having retirees re-enter public employment. The retiree does not pay it and does not get extra benefits from it.

Q: Does this also apply to elected officials' retirement plan retirees?
A: A.R.S. § 38-727(A)(1)(c) covers EORP, Elected Officials Defined Contribution, PSPRS, and CORP. The same logic the AG applied here would generally apply to retirees from those plans. Verify with the relevant plan.

Citations and references

Statutes:

• A.R.S. § 38-727 (ASRS membership exemptions)
• A.R.S. § 38-849 (PSPRS reemployment)
• A.R.S. § 38-843.05 (PSPRS alternate contribution rate)

Cases:

• Police Pension Bd. v. Warren, 97 Ariz. 180, 398 P.2d 892 (1965), agency interpretation deference
• Eastern Vanguard Forex, Ltd. v. Ariz. Corp. Comm'n, 206 Ariz. 399, 79 P.3d 86 (App. 2003), agency deference

Source

• Landing page: https://www.azag.gov/opinions/i14-005-r14-007
• Original PDF: https://www.azag.gov/sites/default/files/2025-06/I14-005.pdf

Original opinion text

To:

Larry D. Voyles

Arizona Game and Fish Department Director

Questions Presented

You have asked whether an Arizona Game and Fish Department (“GAF”) employee who is receiving a retirement benefit from the Arizona Public Safety Personnel Retirement System (“PSPRS”) thereby “participates” in the PSPRS under Arizona Revised Statutes (“A.R.S.”) § 38-727(A)(1)(c) and is exempt from membership in the Arizona State Retirement System (“A.S.R.S.”).

Summary Answer

Under the statutes governing the PSPRS and the Arizona State Retirement System, a retired PSPRS member who returns to work with an employer participating in the A.S.R.S. and who receives PSPRS pension payments during such employment is not exempt from membership in A.S.R.S. if the PSPRS retiree otherwise satisfies the A.S.R.S. membership requirements during such period of reemployment.

Analysis

GAF has hired an employee who retired from a law enforcement position with the City of Glendale and is receiving a PSPRS pension benefit while working for GAFas permitted by A.R.S. § 38-849(H). The GAF hired the retired PSPRS member as a law enforcement specialist, which is a PSPRS-designated position in which the occupant ordinarily would meet all of the qualifications of being an active member of the PSPRS within the scope of the definition of a PSPRS “member” in A.R.S. § 38-842(31).

The reemployment of a retired member of the PSPRS is governed by A.R.S. § 38-849(H), which states as follows:

At any time following retirement, if the retired member becomes employed by an employer, other than the employer from which the member retired, in a position ordinarily filled by an employee of an eligible group, employee contributions shall not be made on the retired member’s account, and any service shall not be credited during the period of reemployment. The employer shall pay the alternate contribution rate pursuant to section 38-843.05.

Pursuant to A.R.S. § 38-849(H), while working for GAF, the PSPRS retiree will not receive PSPRS service credit nor will contributions be remitted to PSPRS on his behalf, but GAF will make the alternate contribution that A.R.S. § 38-843.05 requires.

The Legislature has mandated membership in the A.S.R.S. for all public officers and employees who meet three statutory membership requirements. First, an employee must be employed by the State of Arizona or a political subdivision of Arizona that is participating in the A.S.R.S.

A.R.S. § 38-711(13) and (23)(a). Second, the employee’s position must be covered by the Social Security Section 218 Agreement between the United States and the State of Arizona, extending federal old age and survivors insurance to designated Arizona public officers and employees (“Section 218 Agreement”). A.R.S. § 38-727(A)(l).(1) Third, the officers and employees whose positions are covered under the Section 218 Agreement must be engaged to work at least twenty weeks in a fiscal year and at least twenty hours per week. A.R.S. § 38-711(23)(b). All public officers and employees who meet these three statutory requirements are subject to mandatory A.S.R.S. membership unless one of the exceptions in A.R.S. § 38-727(A)(1) applies.

The subject GAF employee appears to satisfy all three requirements for mandatory A.S.R.S. membership. The employee is employed by a participating A.S.R.S. employer because GAF is an agency of the State of Arizona. The position of GAF Law Enforcement Specialist is covered by Arizona’s Section 218 Agreement. Finally, assuming that GAF has engaged the PSPRS retiree to work at least twenty weeks in a fiscal year and at least twenty hours per week, the GAF employee meets the A.S.R.S. membership requirement and must participate in the A.S.R.S. unless the employee is exempt from A.S.R.S. participation.

In 2001, the Legislature amended the A.S.R.S. statute to exempt from membership in A.S.R.S.

“any employee or officer who is eligible to participate and who participates in the elected officials’ retirement plan . . . ;[(2)] the elected officials’ defined contribution retirement system . . . ; [(3)]the public safety personnel retirement system . . .; [(4)]or the corrections officer retirement plan . . . ”[(5)] 2001 Ariz. Sess. Laws ch. 136, § 7 (codified in 2001 as A.R.S. § 38-727(1)(e) and codified currently as A.R.S. § 38-727(A)(1)(c)). Accordingly, the PSPRS retiree employed by GAF is exempt from mandatory A.S.R.S. membership under A.R.S. § 38-727(A)(l)(c) only if the retiree is participating in the PSPRS. The issue is whether the receipt of PSPRS retirement benefits constitutes participation.

The term “participate” is not defined in the A.S.R.S. or PSPRS statutes. Accordingly, as provided in A.R.S. § 1-213, the term “shall be construed according to the common and approved use of the language.” “By declining to define a statutory term, the legislature generally intends to give the ordinary meaning to the word.” Circle K Stores, Inc. v. Apache Cnty., 199 Ariz. 402, 408, ¶ 18, 18 P.3d 713, 719, ¶ 18 (App. 2001). “[W]e will give terms ‘their ordinary meanings, unless the legislature has provided a specific definition or the context of the statute indicates a term carries a special meaning.” Kessen v. Stewart, 195 Ariz. 488, 491, ¶ 6, 990 P.2d 689, 692, ¶ 6 (App.1999) (quoting Wells Fargo Credit Corp. v. Tolliver, 183 Ariz. 343, 345, 903 P.2d 1101, 1103 (App. 1995)).

“Participate is defined as “to take part, be or become actively involved, or share (in).” Collins Dictionary, CollinsDictionary.com, http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english (last visited Aug. 6, 2014); see also Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Merriam-Webster.com, http: www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/participate (last visited Aug. 6, 2014) (“a: to take part b: to have a part or share in something.”). The American Heritage Dictionary, defines “participate” as follows: “1.To be active or involved in something; take part: participated in the festivities. 2. To share in something: If only I could participate in your good fortune.” The American Heritage ®Dictionary of the English Language (5thedition, 2013), http://www.yourdictionary.com/participate#americanheritage, (last visited Aug. 21, 2014). [cite] Black’s Law Dictionary defines the term “participate” as follows: “ to have a share in or to join in with others in an enterprise or an endeavor.” The Law Dictionary.com, http://thelawdictionary.org/participate/ (last visited Aug. 6, 2014).

These definitions lend little to the analysis because they are subject to contrary applications in the context of whether the receipt of retirement benefits constitutes “participation” in PSPRS. We therefore look to the Agency’s interpretation of the statute. In Arizona, ‘the contemporaneous construction of a statute by those officials charged with its administration is entitled to great weight in arriving at its proper interpretation.’ Police Pension Bd. v. Warren, 97 Ariz. 180, 186, 398 P.2d 892, 895 (Ariz. 1965) (quoting Long v. Dick, 87 Ariz. 25, 347 P.2d 581 (Ariz. 1959)). In Eastern Vanguard Forex, Ltd. v. Arizona Corporation Commission, 206 Ariz. 399, 410, ¶ 35, 79 P.3d 86, 97, ¶ 35 (App. 2003), the court of appeals said the following: “[E]ven though we resolve questions of law involving statutory construction de novo, we give great deference to the agency’s interpretation and application of the statute.” Since the enactment in 2001 of what now is A.R.S. § 38-727(A)(1)(c), the A.S.R.S. has interpreted and applied the exemption from A.S.R.S. membership of an employee “who is eligible to participate and who participates in” any of the retirement plans listed in the statute as exempting from A.S.R.S. only an employee who is making contributions to and earning credited service in another plan.(6)

From the foregoing, we conclude that “participate” should be construed to mean actively contributing and accruing credited service rather than some other passive membership status such as retired, inactive or receiving long-term disability benefits. This conclusion is consistent with the conclusion reached on a similar question involving a retired corrections officer. In Ariz. Att’y Gen. Op. I01-018 (R00-056), the Attorney General opined that pursuant to A.R.S. § 38-727(1)(e) (now A.R.S. § 38-727(A)(1)(c)), a correctional officer who had retired under the Corrections Officer Retirement Plan (“CORP”) and had returned to work in a CORP-designated position was not exempt from mandatory membership in the A.S.R.S. In that opinion, the Attorney General noted that A.R.S. § 38-884(J) (the statute that in 2001 governed the reemployment of a retired member of CORP) prohibited a CORP retiree from contributing to the CORP fund or from accruing credited service while working in a CORP-designated position, and as a consequence, precluded the employee from participating in CORP during such reemployment. Because the retired CORP member who returned to work in a CORP-designated position was not eligible to participate in CORP and was not otherwise exempt from the requirement that State employees participate in the A.S.R.S., the Attorney General concluded that retired CORP members returning to work in CORP-designated positions had to participate in A.S.R.S. Ariz. Att’y Gen. Op. I01-018 at 2.

Effective July 20, 2011, the Arizona Legislature required public employers to remit an Alternative Contribution Rate (“ACR”) to the applicable Arizona retirement system when a retiree returned to work in a public employment position. 2011 Ariz. Sess. Laws ch. 357, §§ 11, 20, 26 & 47 (adding A.R.S. §§ 38-766.02, -810.04, -843.05, and -891.01 within the A.S.R.S., the Arizona Elected Officials’ Retirement Plan, the PSPRS, and the CORP statutes respectively). The Senate Fact Sheet for the legislation indicates that the Legislature established the ACR to mitigate the potential actuarial impact that a retired member who returns to work for an employer may have on A.S.R.S., EORP, PSPRS, and CORP. Ariz. State Senate, Final Amended Fact Sheet for S.B. 1609, 50th Leg., 1st Reg. Sess., at 94(a) and (b) (May 10, 2011).

These statutes require participating public employers to remit an ACR in a percentage that the respective public retirement system actuarially determines on behalf of any retiree employed by the participating employer and occupying an employment position that would ordinarily be occupied by an actively contributing member of that retirement system. The ACR statutes, however, do not provide any associated benefit or service credit to the retired member on whose behalf the employer is remitting the ACR. The GAF ACR payment to the PSPRS pursuant to A.R.S. § 38-843.05 therefore does not render its employee who retired from the PSPRS as “participating” in the PSPRS for purposes of A.R.S. § 38-727(A)(l)(c).

Conclusion

A PSPRS retiree who is employed with GAF and who satisfies A.S.R.S. membership requirements is not “participating” in the PSPRS for purposes of the A.S.R.S. exclusion under A.R.S. § 38-727(A)(l)(c). A PSPRS retiree who is employed with GAF and who satisfies A.S.R.S. membership requirements must be enrolled in and contribute to the A.S.R.S.

Thomas C. Horne

Attorney General

The Legislature enacted 2014 Ariz. Sess. Laws ch. 44 (effective July 24, 2014), eliminating the requirement that an employee’s position must be covered under Arizona’s Social Security Section 218 Agreement in order for an employee in that position to be eligible for A.S.R.S. membership. Since July 24, 2014, eligibility for A.S.R.S. membership is based on whether A.R.S. § 38-727 excludes a person from A.S.R.S. membership.

A.R.S. §§ 38-801 through -822.

A.R.S. §§ 38-831 through -833.

A.R.S. §§ 38-841 through -860.

A.R.S. §§ 38-881 through -91

Although this is A.S.R.S.’s long standing practice, it is not reflected in a rule or written policy.